skip to main content

Pengaruh mikroplastik polietilen dan oxo-degradable (Oxium) pada pertumbuhan mikroalga Tetraselmis chuii

1Program Studi Kesehatan Lingkungan, Fakultas Kesehatan, Universitas Dian Nuswantoro, Semarang, Indonesia

2Jurusan Teknik Kimia , Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia

3Centre of Biomass and Renewable Energy (CBIORE), Universitas Diponegoro , Semarang, Indonesia

Received: 8 Apr 2021; Revised: 12 Jun 2021; Accepted: 20 Jun 2021; Available online: 25 Jun 2021; Published: 1 Aug 2021.
Editor(s): H Hadiyanto

Citation Format:
Abstract

Salah satu cara yang digunakan di Indonesia dalam menanggulangi berlimpahnya jumlah sampah plastik di lingkungan perairan adalah dengan menggantikan kantong plastik berbahan polimer polietilen (PE) dengan plastik oxodegradable yang disebut oxium. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk melihat pengaruh mikroplastik polietilen jenis HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) dengan plastic oxodegradable oxium. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan mikroalga Tetraselmis chuii sebagai mikroorganisme yang akan mendapat perlakuan mikroplastik dengan konsentrasi yang berbeda. Dari Hasil pengukuran optical density untuk menentukan laju pertumbuhan mikroalga Tetraselmis Chuii menunjukkan bahwa laju pertumbuhan Tetraselmis  dengan perlakuan mikroplastik polietilen mengalami penurunan yang signifikan dibandingkan dengan mikroplastik oxium. Konsentrasi mikroplastik ikut berperan dalam menentukan laju pertumbuhan Tetraselmis chuii di mana pada perlakuan mikroplastik oxium terjadi penurunan hingga 37,66% pada konsentrasi mikroplastik 300mg/500mL dan 81,70% pada perlakuan mikroplastik polietilen dengan konsentrasi 200mg/500mL. Mikroplastik polietilen dan oxium memberikan dampak negatif pada organisme tingkat rendah disebabkan oleh kemampuannya dalam melepas bahan aditif yang bersifat toksik sehingga diperlukan solusi yang lebih baik untuk menggantikan fungsi plastik dengan bahan yang lebih ramah bagi lingkungan hidup. 

 

ABSTRACT

One of the methods used in Indonesia in tackling the abundance of plastic waste in the aquatic environment is to replace plastic bags made of polyethylene (PE) polymer with oxodegradable plastic called oxium. This research was conducted with the aim of examining the effect of HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) microplastic polyethylene with oxodegradable oxium plastic. The research was conducted using the microalgae Tetraselmis chuii as microorganisms that will receive microplastic treatment with different concentrations. From the results of optical density measurements to determine the growth rate of Tetraselmis chuii microalgae, it was shown that the growth rate of Tetraselmis with polyethylene microplastics treatment decreased significantly compared to oxium microplastics. The concentration of microplastics played a role in determining the growth rate of Tetraselmis chuii where in the oxium microplastic treatment there was a decrease of up to 37.66% at the microplastic concentration of 300mg/500mL and 81.70% at the polyethylene microplastic treatment with a concentration of 200mg/500mL. Polyethylene and oxyum microplastics have a negative impact on low-level organisms due to their ability to release toxic additives so that better solutions are needed to replace the function of plastics with materials that are more environmentally friendly.

Fulltext View|Download
Keywords: Polietilen;Oxium, Tetraselmis Chuuii; mikroplastik

Article Metrics:

  1. Abdelmoez, W.,Dahab, I.,Ragab, M.E.,Abdelsalam, A.O.,Mustafa, A.,(2021). Bio-and Oxo-degradable plastics: Insights on facts and Challenges, Polymers Advanced Technologies, 32(5), 1981-1996
  2. Adi, I. A., Anggreni, A. A. M. D., & Arnata, I. W. (2015). Optimasi Salinitas Dan pH Awal Media BG-11 Terhadap Konsentrasi Biomassa Dan Klorofil Tetraselmis chuii. Jurnal Rekayasa Dan Manajemen Agroindustri, 3(4), 51–61
  3. Aldas, M., Paladines, A., Valle, V., Pazmiño, M., & Quiroz, F. (2018). Effect of the prodegradant-additive plastics incorporated on the polyethylene recycling. International Journal of Polymer Science, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/2474176
  4. Asriza, R. O., & Pitulima, J. (2017). Fotodegradasi High Density Polyethylene Yang Mengandung Aditif Okso-Biodegradasi. J. Chem. Res, 4(2), 402–405
  5. Baidarus, M. (2018). Analisis Dampak Ekstensifikasi Barang Kena Cukai Pada Kantong Plastik Terhadap Perekonomian Indonesia. Jurnal BPPK : Badan Pendidikan Dan Pelatihan Keuangan, 11(2), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.48108/jurnalbppk.v11i2.341
  6. Balasubramanian, V., Natarajan, K., Hemambika, B., Ramesh, N., Sumathi, C. S., Kottaimuthu, R., & Rajesh Kannan, V. (2010). High-density polyethylene (HDPE)-degrading potential bacteria from marine ecosystem of Gulf of Mannar, India. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 51(2), 205–211. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-765X.2010.02883.x
  7. Beaumont, N. J., Aanesen, M., Austen, M. C., Börger, T., Clark, J. R., Cole, M., Hooper, T., Lindeque, P. K., Pascoe, C., & Wyles, K. J. (2019). Global ecological, social and economic impacts of marine plastic. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 142(March), 189–195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.03.022
  8. Buckley, J., Halliday, A., Lewis, A., Druminski, D., & Shivkumar, S. (2011). Mechanical properties and degradation of commerical biodegradable plastic bags. Annual Technical Conference - ANTEC, Conference Proceedings, 2, 1032–1039
  9. Campanale, C., Massarelli, C., Savino, I., Locaputo, V., & Uricchio, V. F. (2020). A detailed review study on potential effects of microplastics and additives of concern on human health. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041212
  10. Chiellini, E., Corti, A., D’Antone, S., & Baciu, R. (2006). Oxo-biodegradable carbon backbone polymers - Oxidative degradation of polyethylene under accelerated test conditions. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 91(11), 2739–2747. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2006.03.022
  11. Cichy, B., Kwiecieñ, J., Pitkowska, M., Ku, E., Gibas, E., Rymarz, G., Ojeda, T. F. M., Dalmolin, E., Forte, M. M. C., & Jacques, R. J. S. (2015). PE-OXO Films under UV-B Radiation. 2015, 965–970
  12. Da Luz, J. M. R., Paes, S. A., Bazzolli, D. M. S., Tótola, M. R., Demuner, A. J., & Kasuya, M. C. M. (2014). Abiotic and biotic degradation of oxo-biodegradable plastic bags by Pleurotus ostreatus. PLoS ONE, 9(11). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0107438
  13. Dianratri, I., Hadiyanto, H., Khoironi, A., & Pratiwi, W. Z. (2020). The influence of polypropylene-and polyethylene microplastics on the quality of spirulina sp. Harvests. Food Research, 4(5), 1739–1743. https://doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.4(5).157
  14. Ekawati, S. (2020). Mengkritisi Kebijakan Penanganan Kantong Plastik di Indonesia. Badan Penelitian, Pengembangan Dan Inovasi Pusat Penelitian Dan Pengembangan Sosial, Ekonomi, Kebijakan Dan Perubahan Iklim, Volume 10(Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Badan Penelitian, Pengembangan dan Inovasi Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sosial, Ekonomi, Kebijakan dan Perubahan Iklim ISSN: 2085-787X Volume), 1–4
  15. Gandahusada, J. U., & ... (2015). Sistem Ccos Untuk Kultivasi Mikroalga Tetraselmis Chuii: Prospek Industri Ramah Lingkungan Pada Power Plant Tambak Lorok …. … Kebumian Ke-8 …. https://repository.ugm.ac.id/id/eprint/135456
  16. Ghatge, S., Yang, Y., Ahn, J. H., & Hur, H. G. (2020). Biodegradation of polyethylene: a brief review. Applied Biological Chemistry, 63(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13765-020-00511-3
  17. Governement, I. (2018). Ministry of Public Works and Housing Regional Infrastructure Development Agency Indonesia Tourism Development Program Environmental and Social Management Framework Final Executive Summary. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/583971517845595791/pdf/20180119TDP-ESMF-FINAL-EXECUTIVESUMMARY-01312018.pdf
  18. Hadiyanto, & Azim, M. (2012). Penerbit & Percetakan UPT UNDIP Press SEMARANG. 1–138
  19. Harsojuwono, A.B.,Arnaa, W.I., 2017, Teknologi Polimer Industri pertanian, Intimedia
  20. Hann, Simon; Etlinger, Sarah; Gibbs, Adrian; Hogg, Dominic; Ledingham, B. (2017). Study to provide information supplementing the study on the impact of the use of “oxo-degradable” plastic on the environment (Issue April). https://doi.org/10.2779/081633
  21. Inaplas Sebut Permintaan Kantong Plastik Terus Menurun _ Republika Online. (n.d.)
  22. Jakubowicz, I., & Enebro, J. (2012). Effects of reprocessing of oxobiodegradable and non-degradable polyethylene on the durability of recycled materials. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 97(3), 316–321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2011.12.011
  23. Journal, A. N. R. (n.d.). Table 1: Top 20 polluting rivers as predicted by the global river plastic inputs model. In A Nature Research Journal. https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms15611/tables/1
  24. Kershaw, P. J., & United Nations Environment Programme. Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-based Activities. (n.d.). Biodegradable plastics & marine litter : misconceptions, concerns and impacts on marine environments
  25. Khoironi, A., Anggoro, S., & Sudarno. (2019). Evaluation of the interaction among microalgae Spirulina sp, plastics Polyethylene terephthalate and Polypropylene in freshwater environment. Journal of Ecological Engineering, 20(6), 161–173. https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/108637
  26. Kurniawan, J. I., & Aunurohim. (2014). Biosorpsi Logam Zn2+ dan Pb2+ oleh Mikroalga Chlorella SP. Jurnal Sains Dan Seni ITS, 3(1), 2337–3520
  27. Lagarde, F., Olivier, O., Zanella, M., Daniel, O., Hiard, S., Caruso, A., 2016, Microiplastic interactions with freshwater microalgae:Hetero-aggregation and changes in plastic density appear strongly depend on polymer type, Environmental Pollution, 215, 331-339
  28. Leggett, C., Scherer, N., Curry, M., & Bailey, R. (2014). Assessing the economic benefits of reductions in marine debris: a pilot study of beach recreation in Orange County, California. NOAA Marine Debris Program & Industrial Economics, Inc., 45. http://marinedebris.noaa.gov/sites/default/files/MarineDebrisEconomicStudy.pdf
  29. Lestari, P., & Trihadiningrum, Y. (2019). The impact of improper solid waste management to plastic pollution in Indonesian coast and marine environment. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 149(April), 110505. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110505
  30. Li, S.X., Wang, P.P., Zhang, C., Zhou, X.J., Yin, Z.H., Hu, T.Y., Hu, D., Liu, C.C., Zhu , L.D., 2020, Influence of Polystryrene Microplastics on The Growth, Photosynthetic Efficiency and Aggregation of Freshwater Microalgae Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii, Sci. Total Environ, 714,136767
  31. Listyarini, A. dan Pudjiastuti, W. (2014). Fotodegradasi (Degradasi Abiotik) Kantong Plastik Polietilena Yang Mengandung Aditif Oxo-Degradable. Jurnal Kimia dan Kemasan, 36(1), 207–214
  32. Maligan, J. M., Tri, W. V., & Zubaidah, E. (2015). IDENTIFIKASI SENYAWA ANTIMIKROBA EKSTRAK MIKROALGA JENIS PELARUT , DAN WAKTU EKSTRAKSI ) Extract (Study the Maceration Extraction Method, Type of Solvent, and Extraction Time ). Jurnal Teknologi Pertanian, 16(3), 195–206
  33. National Plastic Action Partnership. (2020). Radically Reducing Plastic Pollution in Indonesia: A Multistakeholder Action Plan. April, 44. https://globalplasticaction.org/wp-content/uploads/NPAP-Indonesia-Multistakeholder-Action-Plan_April-2020.pdf
  34. Negara, B. F. S., Nursalim, N., Herliany, N. E., Renta, P. P., Purnama, D., & Utami, M. A. F. (2019). PERANAN DAN PEMANFAATAN MIKROALGA Tetraselmis chuii SEBAGAI BIOETANOL. Jurnal Enggano, 4(2), 136–147. https://doi.org/10.31186/jenggano.4.2.136-147
  35. Ojha, N., Pradhan, N., Singh, S., Barla, A., Shrivastava, A., Khatua, P., Rai, V., & Bose, S. (2017). Evaluation of HDPE and LDPE degradation by fungus, implemented by statistical optimization. Scientific Reports, 7(November 2016), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep39515
  36. Otake, Y., Kobayashi, T., Asabe, H., Murakami, N., & Ono, K. (1995). Biodegradation of low‐density polyethylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, and urea formaldehyde resin buried under soil for over 32 years. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 56(13), 1789–1796. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.1995.070561309
  37. Phelan, A. A., Ross, H., Setianto, N. A., Fielding, K., & Pradipta, L. (2020). Ocean plastic crisis—Mental models of plastic pollution from remote Indonesian coastal communities. PLoS ONE, 15(7 July), 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236149
  38. Purnamasari, P. G., Maulana, I. T., & Kodir, R. A. (2020). Kultur Tetraselmis chuii serta Potensinya sebagai Sumber Bahan Baku Senyawa Aktif Antibakteri terhadap Propionibacterium acnes. Prosiding Farmasi, 6(2), 157–163
  39. Rahmayani, C. A. (2021). Efektivitas Pengendalian Sampah Plastik Untuk Mendukung Kelestarian Lingkungan Hidup Di Kota Semarang. Jurnal Pembangunan Hukum Indonesia, 3, 18–33
  40. Rohmah, U. M., Shovitri, M., & Kuswytasari, K. (2019). Degradasi Plastik Oleh Jamur Aspergillus terreus (LM 1021) Pada pH 5 dan pH 6; Serta Suhu 25 dan 35 Celcius. Jurnal Sains Dan Seni ITS, 7(2), 5–10. https://doi.org/10.12962/j23373520.v7i2.37207
  41. Schiavo, S., Oliviero, M., Chiavarini, S., & Manzo, S. (2020). Adverse effects of oxo-degradable plastic leachates in freshwater environment. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27(8), 8586–8595. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-07466-z
  42. Sjollema, B.S.,Redondo-Hasselerharm, P.,Leslie, A.H., Kraak, H.S.M., Vethaak, D.A.,2015, Do Plastic Particles Affect Microalgal Photosynthesis and Gwoth ?, 15,30116-30118
  43. Song Chunfeng, Liu Zhengzheng, Wang Chenlin, Li Shuhong, Kitamura yutaka, 2020, Different Interaction Performance between microplastics and microalgae : The Bio-elimination potential of Chlorella Sp.L38 and Phaedoctylum Tricornutum MASCC-0025, Science of The Total Environment, 723.138146
  44. Thomas, L.N., McLauchlin, R.A., Clarke,J., Patrick, G.S.,2012, oxo-degradable plastics:degradation,environmental impact and recycling, WQaste and Resource Management, Vol.165, Issue WR3
  45. Wright, T. (2017). How can Indonesia win against plastic pollution? In The Conversation. http://theconversation.com/how-can-indonesia-win-against-plastic-pollution-80966

Last update:

  1. Consumer-driven evaluation of Ecoplas as a sustainable flexible packaging in Jakarta

    Azat Sudrajat, Susanti Withaningsih, Sunardi, B.B. Andriana, D.K. Verma, S. Withaningsih, G.L. Utama, D. Supyandi, A.D. Malik. E3S Web of Conferences, 495 , 2024. doi: 10.1051/e3sconf/202449503003

Last update: 2024-12-06 20:09:40

No citation recorded.