DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jil.20.3.628-636

Pengaruh Paparan Pencemar Udara Terhadap Stres Oksidatif: Sistematik Review

1Program Studi Sanitasi Poltekkes Kemenkes Kupang, Indonesia

2Program Studi Teknologi Laboratorium Medis Poltekkes Kemenkes Kupang, Indonesia

3Program Studi Keperawatan Poltekkes Kemenkes Kupang, Indonesia

4 Program Studi Sanitasi, Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Kupang, Indonesia

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Received: 24 Feb 2022; Revised: 13 Mar 2022; Accepted: 21 Mar 2022; Available online: 2 Apr 2022; Published: 5 Jul 2022.
Editor(s): H. Hadiyanto

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Abstract

Pencemaran udara mempengaruhi kualitas lingkungan dan kesehatan masyarakat.  Pencemar udara dapat menyebabkan perubahan molekul dalam tubuh sebagai penanda dini gangguan kesehatan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memperoleh gambaran tentang pengaruh pencemar udara terhadap stres oksidatif. Jenis penelitian adalah sistematik review dari artikel penelitian yang dilakukan sebelumnya. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Apri-Mei 2021. Pencarian literature dilakukan melalui data base Science Direct pada periode publikasi 2017-2021.  Kata kunci yang digunakan adalah “air pollutant” OR “oxidative stress” AND “air pollution” OR “oxidative stress”.   Artikel yang diperoleh menggunakan kata kunci dan memenuhi kriteria inklusi selanjutnya dilakukan penilaian kelayakan menggunakan The JBI Critical Appraisal.  Dari menilaian kelayakan diperoleh 15 artikel dari data base Science Direct yang selanjutnya ditelaah. Hasil pdari penelusuran literature diketahui jenis pencemar udara antara lain PM2,5, NO2, Ozon, partikulat, PM10, PM2.5, NO2, dan CO, PM udara ambien, abu vulkanik, bahan bakar dan sebagainya. Paparan polutan udara dapat menyebabkan stress oksidatif dalam berbagai penanda antara lain peningkatan produksi spesies oksigen reaktif, penurunan antioksidan, 8-OHDG.  Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini bahwa pajanan pencemar udara menyebabkan perubahan pada penanda biologis stress oksidatif yang merupakan indikasi dini adanya gangguan kesehatan sebagai dampak dari pencemar udara.  Perlu upaya pengendalian pencemaran udara agar tidak menimbulkan dampak negatif pada manusia.

ABSTRACT

Air pollution had an impact on environmental quality and public health. Air pollutants could cause molecular changes in the body as an early marker of health problems. The purpose of this study was to obtain an overview of the effect of air pollutants on oxidative stress. This study was a systematic review of previous research articles. The research was carried out in April-May 2021. The literature search was carried out through the Science Direct database in the 2017-2021 publication period. The keywords used were “air pollutant” OR “oxidative stress” AND “air pollution” OR “oxidative stress”. Articles obtained using keywords and meeting the inclusion criteria were then assessed for feasibility using The JBI Critical Appraisal. From the feasibility assessment, 15 articles were obtained which were then reviewed. The results of a literature search showed that the types of air pollutants include PM2.5, NO2, Ozone, particulates, PM10, PM2.5, NO2, and CO, ambient air PM, volcanic ash, fuel and so on. Exposure to air pollutants caused oxidative stress in various markers, including increased production of reactive oxygen species, decreased antioxidants, 8-OHDG. The conclusion of this study is that exposure to air pollutants causes changes in biological markers of oxidative stress which is an early indication of health problems as a result of air pollutants. Efforts are needed to control air pollution so that it does not have a negative impact on humans.

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Keywords: pencemar; udara; review; stress oksidatif; antioksidan
Funding: Poltekkes Kemenkes Kupang

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