DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jai.v0i0.49535

Manajemen Perioperatif pada Pasien Hipertensi Pulmonal Akibat Kelainan Jantung Kiri yang Menjalani Operasi Bedah Jantung

Departemen Anestesiologi dan Terapi Intensif, Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat, dan Keperawatan, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Received: 12 Oct 2022; Published: 31 Mar 2023.
Open Access Copyright 2021 JAI (Jurnal Anestesiologi Indonesia)

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Abstract

Hipertensi pulmonal akibat kelainan jantung kiri (PH-LHD) pada pasien yang menjalani bedah jantung dihubungkan dengan tingginya komplikasi, peningkatan risiko luaran buruk, dan kenaikan mortalitas perioperatif. Manajemen praoperatif pada pasien PH-LHD meliputi anamnesis, pemeriksaan fisik, pemeriksaan penunjang, serta kateterisasi jantung kanan untuk menegakkan diagnosis definitif. Optimalisasi praoperatif dilakukan dengan memastikan kondisi euvolemik, meneruskan pengobatan sebelumnya, sampai memberikan perawatan intensif pada kondisi gagal jantung dekompensasi akut. Selain pemantauan invasif standar, pemantauan transesophageal echocardiography intraoperatif digunakan untuk menganalisis PH dan mengenali kelainan jantung kiri yang menyebabkan PH. Induksi anestesi dilakukan dengan teknik anestesi balans antara opioid dan agen inhalasi dosis rendah. Pada PH-LHD yang disebabkan lesi katup, target hemodinamik disesuaikan dengan jenis kelainan katupnya. Target manajemen pascaoperatif adalah menghindari dan mengobati gagal ventrikel kanan dengan mengatasi aritmia, melakukan strategi ventilasi mekanik pelindung ventrikel kanan, memastikan keseimbangan cairan, dan memberikan dukungan obat vasoaktif jika diperlukan.

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Keywords: anestesi kardiak; bedah jantung; hipertensi pulmonal; manajemen perioperatif; penyakit jantung kiri

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