DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jksa.23.11.377-382

Modification of Activated Carbon from Rice Husk using Hexadecyltrimethylammonium Bromide (HDTMA-Br) Surfactant and ZnCl2 activator and Microwaves for Nitrate Ion Adsorption

Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University, Indonesia

Received: 25 Aug 2020; Revised: 23 Oct 2020; Accepted: 6 Nov 2020; Published: 30 Nov 2020.
Open Access Copyright 2020 Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0.

Citation Format:
Cover Image
Abstract

Surfactant Modified Activated Carbon (SMAC) is a surfactant-modified activated carbon product. The surfactant used in this study was the cationic surfactant Hexadecyltrimethylammonium Bromide (HDTMA-Br). These surfactants can change the activated carbon's surface to be positively charged due to the presence of the surfactant hydrophilic groups. This SMAC is more selective in absorbing anions, which in this study is for the adsorption of nitrate anions. This research aims to prepare a new material that is superior to activated carbon in absorbing nitrate anions. This research was conducted in several stages. In the first stage, rice husk was carbonized through pyrolysis at 300°C for 10 minutes. In the second stage, carbon was activated using 30% ZnCl2 and microwaves for 5 minutes and 400 W. The third stage was modifying activated carbon by contacting or adsorbing HDTMA-Br on activated carbon. The concentration of HDTMA-Br varied at 200-400 ppm and the adsorption time was 3-7 hours. The success of the modification was measured by the efficiency of HDTMA-Br in modifying activated carbon. This is supported by the results of the characterization of FTIR, GSA, SEM, and thermodynamic parameters. The resulting SMAC was applied for the adsorption of nitrate anions, and the results were compared to carbon and activated carbon. The results indicate that the best SMAC is formed at an optimum concentration of 300 ppm, within 4 hours, with an adsorption efficiency of 97.345%. The characterization results also show that SMAC has been formed, as evidenced by the presence of a peak at a wavenumber of about 1500 cm-1, a C-N group derived from N(CH3)3 in the HDTMA-Br surfactant structure. The SMAC spectra also appeared weak peaks at the wave number 2918 cm-1, which indicated the CH2-R group stretching from the HDTMA-Br surfactant. SEM image shows that HDTMA-Br has covered the pores of activated carbon. Meanwhile, the SMAC surface area is lower than that of activated carbon. Thermodynamic parameters indicate that HDTMA-Br interacts physically with activated carbon. The adsorption capacity of nitrate anion by SMAC is 3,638 mg/g, higher than carbon and activated carbon.

Fulltext View|Download
Keywords: Hexadecyltrimethylammonium Bromide; Activated carbon; Microwaves; ZnCl2; Adsorption
Funding: Universitas Diponegoro

Article Metrics:

Article Info
Section: Research Articles
Language : EN
Recent articles
Synthesis of Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS) and Hexadecyltrimethylammonium Bromide (HDTMA-Br) Surfactant-Modified Activated Carbon as Adsorbent for Pb2+ and NO3- Modification of Activated Carbon from Rice Husk using Hexadecyltrimethylammonium Bromide (HDTMA-Br) Surfactant and ZnCl2 activator and Microwaves for Nitrate Ion Adsorption Increasing Efficiency of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) Originating from Yellow Sweet Potato Extract as Dye Sensitizer: Effect of Acetic Acid, Polyethylene Glycol, and Polyvinyl Alcohol as TiO2 binders The Effectiveness of Adding Red Fruit Oil (Pandanus conoideus Lamk.) into Ethanol Extract of Temulawak rhizome (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) as Antioxidant More recent articles
Most cited articles
Pirolisis Kulit Biji Jambu Mete (Anacardium occidentale L.) dengan Katalis Ni-Ag/Zeolit Pemanfaatan Limbah Penyulingan Bunga Kenanga sebagai Kompos dan Pengaruh Penambahan Zeolit terhadap Ketersediaan Nitrogen Tanah Ekstraksi dan Uji Kestabilan Zat Warna Betasianin dari Kulit Buah Naga (Hylocereus polyrhizus) serta Aplikasinya sebagai Pewarna Alami Pangan Isolation of Flavonoid Compounds from Eceng Gondok (Eichhornia crassipes) and Antioxidant Tests with DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazyl) Method Sintesis Zeolit A dan Kemungkinan Penggunaannya Sebagai Penukar Kation More cited articles
  1. J. Rivera-Utrilla, M. Sánchez-Polo, V. Gómez-Serrano, P. M. Álvarez, M. C. M. Alvim-Ferraz, J. M. Dias, Activated carbon modifications to enhance its water treatment applications. An overview, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 187, 1, (2011), 1-23 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.01.033
  2. Muzher Mahdi Ibrahem Al-Doury, Suha Sameen Ali, Removal of phenol and parachlorophenol from synthetic wastewater using prepared activated carbon from agricultural wastes, International Journal of Sustainable and Green Energy, 4, 3, (2015), 92-101 http://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijrse.20150403.14
  3. Wei-fang Chen, Ze-Ya Zhang, Qian Li, Hong-Yan Wang, Adsorption of bromate and competition from oxyanions on cationic surfactant-modified granular activated carbon (GAC), Chemical Engineering Journal, 203, (2012), 319-325 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2012.07.047
  4. Galih N. R. Pargiman, Arnelli Arnelli, Yayuk Astuti, Adsorption of HDTMA-Br surfactant with concentration variation by rice husk-based activated carbon produced by variation of carbonization temperature, Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi, 21, 4, (2018), 171-174 https://doi.org/10.14710/jksa.21.4.171-174
  5. Salman Raza Naqvi, Yoshimitsu Uemura, Noridah Binti Osman, Suzana Yusup, Mohd Fadhil Nuruddin, Physiochemical Properties of Pyrolysis Oil Derived from Fast Pyrolysis of Wet and Dried Rice Husk in a Free Fall Reactor, Applied Mechanics and Materials, 625, (2014), 604-607 https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.625.604
  6. Z. A. Alothman, M. A. Habila, R. Ali, Preparation of activated carbon using the copyrolysis of agricultural and municipal solid wastes at a low carbonization temperature, 2011 International Conference on Biology, Environment and Chemistry (IPCBEE), Singapoore, 2011
  7. Roozbeh Hoseinzadeh Hesas, Arash Arami-Niya, Wan Mohd Ashri Wan Daud, JN Sahu, Preparation and characterization of activated carbon from apple waste by microwave-assisted phosphoric acid activation: application in methylene blue adsorption, BioResources, 8, 2, (2013), 2950-2966
  8. B. Kamarehie, Efat Aghaali, S. A. Mousavi, S. Y. Hashemi, A. Jafari, Nitrate Removal from Aqueous Solutions using Granular Activated Carbon Modified with Iron Nanoparticles, International Journal of Engineering, 31, 4, (2018), 554-563
  9. Hyun-Doc Choi, Sung-Woo Park, Byung-Gon Ryu, Jung-Min Cho, Kyung-Jo Kim, Kitae Baek, Adsorption characteristics of As (V) onto cationic surfactant-modified activated carbon, Environmental Engineering Research, 14, 3, (2009), 153-157 https://doi.org/10.4491/eer.2009.14.3.153
  10. Zhaohui Li, Wei-Teh Jiang, Hanlie Hong, An FTIR investigation of hexadecyltrimethylammonium intercalation into rectorite, Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 71, 4, (2008), 1525-1534 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2008.05.015
  11. Dyah Permata Puspitasari, Adsorpsi Surfaktan Anionik pada Berbagai pH Menggunakan Karbon Aktif Termodifikasi Zink Klorida, Undergraduate Thesis, Department of Chemistry, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor, 2006
  12. Leni, Aplikasi hemimisel zeolit HDTMA-Br teradsolubilisasi poli metil metakrilat untuk adsorpsi solar terdispersi dalam air, undergraduate thesis, Department of Chemistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 2014
  13. Arthur W. Adamson, Thomas A. Adamson, Alice P. Gast, Physical Chemistry of Surfaces, 6th ed., Wiley-Interscience, 1997
  14. Raymond Chang, Chemistry, 8th ed., The McGraw Hill Companies, New York, 2005
  15. Muhammad Fathurrahman, Purwantiningsih Sugita, Henny Purwaningsih, Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Kitosan Bertaut Silang Glutaraldehida Sebagai Adsorben Pemurnian Minyak Akar Wangi, EduChemia (Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan), 2, 1, (2017), 103-118 http://dx.doi.org/10.30870/educhemia.v2i1.1300
  16. Pandu Jati Laksono, Pemanfaatan Zeolit Alam Termodifikasi Surfaktan HDTMA-Br (Hexadecyltrimethylammonium Bromide) Sebagai Adsorben Anion Nitrat (NO3-), Orbital: Jurnal Pendidikan Kimia, 1, 2, (2017), 40-50 https://doi.org/10.19109/ojpk.v1i2.2490

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Last update: 2024-12-26 08:30:06

No citation recorded.