DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jksa.27.2.64-71

Silver Recovery from E-Waste Printed Circuit Board Using Binary and Ternary Deep Eutectic Solvents

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Science Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung, Indonesia

Received: 4 Nov 2023; Revised: 1 Mar 2024; Accepted: 5 Mar 2024; Published: 20 Mar 2024.
Open Access Copyright 2024 Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0.

Citation Format:
Silver Recovery from E-Waste Printed Circuit Board Using Binary and Ternary Deep Eutectic Solvents Graphical Abstract
Abstract

Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) are essential components of electronic devices containing valuable silver metal. Using sustainable methods, silver recovery from electronic trash, like PCBs, demonstrates excellent promise. This research’s objective is to determine the optimum leaching time and solid-to-liquid (S/L) ratio for extracting silver from PCB using deep eutectic solvent (DES) composed of choline chloride and glycerol (glyceline DES). The binary DES’s leaching performance was then compared to choline chloride, glycerol, and citric acid ternary systems. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was carried out to analyze the bond interactions. X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) was employed to determine the PCB’s metal concentration prior to and after the leaching process. Ternary DES was viscous, colorless, stable for 60 days, and less acidic than binary DES, with a 1.21 g/mL density. FTIR peak broadening and shifting indicated the formation of a new hydrogen bond and proved a successful synthesis of ternary DES. XRF result showed that PCB’s initial silver metal content was 2.32%. The optimal silver leaching from PCB using glyceline DES was achieved after 16 hours, with a 1/20 solid-to-liquid ratio. Ternary DES demonstrated a silver leaching efficiency of 93.65%, surpassing 86.77% of glyceline. Ternary DES synthesized in this study has the potential to serve as an efficient and environmentally friendly solvent for extracting silver from PCB, providing a sustainable approach to managing electronic waste.

Fulltext View|Download
Keywords: Printed circuit board; silver metal; ternary DES; glyceline DES; leaching optimization
Funding: Directorate of Learning and Student Affairs (Belmawa); Ministry of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia under contract Pekan Kreativitas Mahasiswa Riset Eksakta (PKM-RE) 2023

Article Metrics:

Article Info
Section: Research Articles
Language : EN
Recent articles
Production, Quality Test, and Activity Evaluation of Methanol Extract and Nanoparticles from Pluchea indica (L.) Leaves as Additives in Natural Soap against Propionibacterium acnes Silver Recovery from E-Waste Printed Circuit Board Using Binary and Ternary Deep Eutectic Solvents Formulation and Synthesis of Vanillin from Clove Oil as a Chemosensor for Urea Detection in Urine More recent articles
Most cited articles
Pengolahan Limbah Cair Industri Batik dengan Metoda Elektrokoagulasi Menggunakan Besi Bekas Sebagai Elektroda Pengaruh Diameter Kanal Pelet Katalis Zeolit Aktif dan Ni-Zeolit terhadap Pirolisis Limbah Batang Pohon Sagu (Metroxylonsp.) Preparasi Katalis Zeolit Alam Asam sebagai Katalis dalam Proses Pirolisis Katalitik Polietilena Pengaruh Pemerangkapan Enzim Alkalin Fosfatase ke dalam Silika dari Abu Sekam Padi terhadap Aktivitas Enzimatiknya Modifikasi Zeolit Alam dengan Ligan EDTA untuk Adsorpsi Ion Logam Pb2+ dan Cd2+ More cited articles
  1. Kees Baldé, E. D'Angelo, V. Luda, Otmar Deubzer, Rüdiger Kühr, Global transboundary e-waste flows monitor 2022, United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR), Bonn, Germany, 2022
  2. Vannessa Goodship, Ab Stevels, Jaco Huisman, Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) handbook, Second ed., Woodhead Publishing, 2019, ^ https://doi.org/10.1016/C2016-0-03853-6
  3. Huaidong Wang, Shuhao Zhang, Bin Li, De’an Pan, Yufeng Wu, Tieyong Zuo, Recovery of waste printed circuit boards through pyrometallurgical processing: A review, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 126, (2017), 209-218 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2017.08.001
  4. Ceren Erust, Ata Akcil, Aysenur Tuncuk, Sandeep Panda, Intensified acidophilic bioleaching of multi-metals from waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs) of spent mobile phones, Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, 95, 8, (2020), 2272-2285 https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.6417
  5. M. Arshadi, S. Yaghmaei, S. M. Mousavi, Content evaluation of different waste PCBs to enhance basic metals recycling, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 139, (2018), 298-306 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2018.08.013
  6. Pan Jiang, Zhongying Ji, Xiaoqin Zhang, Zhilu Liu, Xiaolong Wang, Recent advances in direct ink writing of electronic components and functional devices, Progress in Additive Manufacturing, 3, (2018), 65-86 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40964-017-0035-x
  7. Varun Rai, Daobin Liu, Dong Xia, Yamuna Jayaraman, Jean-Christophe P. Gabriel, Electrochemical Approaches for the Recovery of Metals from Electronic Waste: A Critical Review, Recycling, 6, 3, (2021), 53 https://doi.org/10.3390/recycling6030053
  8. Cliff VanGuilder, Hazardous Waste Management: An Introduction, Second ed., Mercury Learning and Information, 2018,
  9. B. K. Gorain, Peter D. Kondos, V. I. Lakshmanan, Innovations in Gold and Silver Processing, in: V.I. Lakshmanan, R. Roy, V. Ramachandran (Eds.) Innovative Process Development in Metallurgical Industry: Concept to Commission, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21599-0_20
  10. Koen Binnemans, Peter Tom Jones, Solvometallurgy: An Emerging Branch of Extractive Metallurgy, Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy, 3, (2017), 570-600 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40831-017-0128-2
  11. Chunwei Liu, Jiao Lin, Hongbin Cao, Yi Zhang, Zhi Sun, Recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries in view of lithium recovery: A critical review, Journal of Cleaner Production, 228, (2019), 801-813 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.04.304
  12. Yonglin Yao, Meiying Zhu, Zhuo Zhao, Bihai Tong, Youqi Fan, Zhongsheng Hua, Hydrometallurgical Processes for Recycling Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries: A Critical Review, ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 6, 11, (2018), 13611-13627 https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b03545
  13. Dominic Freudenmann, Silke Wolf, Michael Wolff, Claus Feldmann, Ionic Liquids: New Perspectives for Inorganic Synthesis?, Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 50, 47, (2011), 11050-11060 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201100904
  14. Andrew P. Abbott, Glen Capper, David L. Davies, Raymond K. Rasheed, Vasuki Tambyrajah, Novel solvent properties of choline chloride/urea mixtures, Chemical Communications, 1, (2003), 70-71 https://doi.org/10.1039/B210714G
  15. Xiaoxia Li, Jinsub Choi, Wha-Seung Ahn, Kyung Ho Row, Preparation and Application of Porous Materials based on Deep Eutectic Solvents, Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry, 48, 1, (2018), 73-85 https://doi.org/10.1080/10408347.2017.1383881
  16. Fatemeh Saadat Ghareh Bagh, Mohamed Kamel Omar Hadj-Kali, Farouq S. Mjalli, Mohd Ali Hashim, Inas M. AlNashef, Solubility of sodium chloride in phosphonium-based deep eutectic solvents, Journal of Molecular Liquids, 199, (2014), 344-351 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2014.09.025
  17. Arbiansyah Aldhafi, Ekstraksi Logam Perak dari Limbah Printed Circuit Board Menggunakan Pelarut Eutektik Gliselin, Department of Chemistry, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung, 2022
  18. Mohammed A. Kadhom, Ghassan H. Abdullah, Noor Al-Bayati, Studying Two Series of Ternary Deep Eutectic Solvents (Choline Chloride–Urea–Glycerol) and (Choline Chloride–Malic Acid–Glycerol), Synthesis and Characterizations, Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 42, (2017), 1579-1589 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-017-2431-4
  19. Bailiang Xue, Yang Yang, Rui Tang, Danwei Xue, Yongchang Sun, Xinping Li, Efficient dissolution of lignin in novel ternary deep eutectic solvents and its application in polyurethane, International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 164, (2020), 480-488 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.153
  20. Yu-hui Ci, Fei Yu, Cheng-xuan Zhou, Hao-e Mo, Zu-yu Li, Yun-qian Ma, Li-hua Zang, New ternary deep eutectic solvents for effective wheat straw deconstruction into its high-value utilization under near-neutral conditions, Green Chemistry, 22, 24, (2020), 8713-8720 https://doi.org/10.1039/D0GC03240A
  21. Duan-Jian Tao, Feng Qu, Zhang-Min Li, Yan Zhou, Promoted absorption of CO at high temperature by cuprous-based ternary deep eutectic solvents, AIChE Journal, 67, 2, (2021), e17106 https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.17106
  22. Fengyu Huang, Taibai Li, Xiaohui Yan, Yige Xiong, Xin Zhang, Shengtao Lu, Nana An, Wenxia Huang, Qihui Guo, Xiang Ge, Ternary Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES) with a Regulated Rate-Determining Step for Efficient Recycling of Lithium Cobalt Oxide, ACS Omega, 7, 13, (2022), 11452-11459 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.2c00742
  23. Nand Peeters, Koen Binnemans, Sofía Riaño, Solvometallurgical recovery of cobalt from lithium-ion battery cathode materials using deep-eutectic solvents, Green Chemistry, 22, 13, (2020), 4210-4221 https://doi.org/10.1039/D0GC00940G
  24. M. Bengi Taysun, Emine Sert, Ferhan S. Atalay, Synthesis, characterization and acid-catalyzed application of ternary deep eutectic solvent: effect of glycerol addition, Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 39, (2022), 113-121 https://doi.org/10.1007/s43153-021-00183-6
  25. M. C. Vats, S. K. Singh, Assessment of gold and silver in assorted mobile phone printed circuit boards (PCBs): Original article, Waste Management, 45, (2015), 280-288 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2015.06.002
  26. Mohamed Khalid AlOmar, Maan Hayyan, Mohammed Abdulhakim Alsaadi, Shatirah Akib, Adeeb Hayyan, Mohd Ali Hashim, Glycerol-based deep eutectic solvents: Physical properties, Journal of Molecular Liquids, 215, (2016), 98-103 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2015.11.032
  27. Anita Yadav, Shruti Trivedi, Rewa Rai, Siddharth Pandey, Densities and dynamic viscosities of (choline chloride+glycerol) deep eutectic solvent and its aqueous mixtures in the temperature range (283.15–363.15)K, Fluid Phase Equilibria, 367, (2014), 135-142 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fluid.2014.01.028
  28. Ziwen Yuan, Hang Liu, Wai Fen Yong, Qianhong She, Jesús Esteban, Status and advances of deep eutectic solvents for metal separation and recovery, Green Chemistry, 24, 5, (2022), 1895-1929 https://doi.org/10.1039/D1GC03851F
  29. Pratima Meshram, B. D. Pandey, T. R. Mankhand, Process optimization and kinetics for leaching of rare earth metals from the spent Ni–metal hydride batteries, Waste Management, 51, (2016), 196-203 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2015.12.018
  30. Wen-ning Mu, Meng-fei Gu, Shou-ming Du, Yu-xiang Chen, Xue-fei Lei, Huan-huan Chen, Shao-hua Luo, Le Wang, Extraction efficiency of metals from low-nickel matte via NH4Cl roasting-water leaching process and synthesis of (Ni,Cu,Co)Fe2O4 photocatalyst, Journal of Central South University, 30, 6, (2023), 1803-1816 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-023-5342-4
  31. Sara Albe Slabi, Christelle Mathe, Mélody Basselin, Xavier Framboisier, Mbalo Ndiaye, Olivier Galet, Romain Kapel, Multi-objective optimization of solid/liquid extraction of total sunflower proteins from cold press meal, Food Chemistry, 317, (2020), 126423 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126423
  32. Junmiao Liu, Xiaoxia Li, Kyung Ho Row, Development of deep eutectic solvents for sustainable chemistry, Journal of Molecular Liquids, 362, (2022), 119654 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119654
  33. Amarpreet Singh, Rashmi Walvekar, Khalid Mohammad, Wai Yin Wong, T. C. S. M. Gupta, Thermophysical properties of glycerol and polyethylene glycol (PEG 600) based DES, Journal of Molecular Liquids, 252, (2018), 439-444 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2017.10.030
  34. Andrew P. Abbott, Robert C. Harris, Karl S. Ryder, Application of Hole Theory to Define Ionic Liquids by their Transport Properties, The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 111, 18, (2007), 4910-4913 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp0671998
  35. Ioanna M. Pateli, Andrew P. Abbott, Koen Binnemans, Nerea Rodriguez Rodriguez, Recovery of yttrium and europium from spent fluorescent lamps using pure levulinic acid and the deep eutectic solvent levulinic acid–choline chloride, RSC Advances, 10, 48, (2020), 28879-28890 https://doi.org/10.1039/D0RA05508E
  36. D. A. Skoog, D. M. West, F. J. Holler, S. R. Crouch, Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry, Cengage Learning, 2013,
  37. Rusul Khaleel Ibrahim, Maan Hayyan, Mohammed Abdulhakim AlSaadi, Shaliza Ibrahim, Adeeb Hayyan, Mohd Ali Hashim, Physical properties of ethylene glycol-based deep eutectic solvents, Journal of Molecular Liquids, 276, (2019), 794-800 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2018.12.032
  38. Muhammad Hakimin Shafie, Rizana Yusof, Chee-Yuen Gan, Synthesis of citric acid monohydrate-choline chloride based deep eutectic solvents (DES) and characterization of their physicochemical properties, Journal of Molecular Liquids, 288, (2019), 111081 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111081
  39. Oliver S. Hammond, Daniel T. Bowron, Karen J. Edler, The Effect of Water upon Deep Eutectic Solvent Nanostructure: An Unusual Transition from Ionic Mixture to Aqueous Solution, Angewandte Chemie, 129, 33, (2017), 9914-9917 https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201702486
  40. Janine Richter, Michael Ruck, Synthesis and Dissolution of Metal Oxides in Ionic Liquids and Deep Eutectic Solvents, Molecules, 25, 1, (2020), 78 https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25010078
  41. M. Hmamou, F. Maarouf, B. Ammary, A. Bellaouchou, Adsorption of citric acid on iron (III) hydroxide: mechanisms and stability constants of surface complexes, RASĀYAN Journal of Chemistry, 14, 2, (2021), 1255-1264 http://dx.doi.org/10.31788/RJC.2021.1426231

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Last update: 2024-12-27 00:13:28

No citation recorded.