skip to main content

Recent Advances in Magnetic Feˣ⁺/TiO₂ Microfibers for Wastewater Treatment as Climate Change Mitigation

1Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alkhairaat, Palu, Indonesia

2Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA

Received: 5 May 2024; Revised: 13 Aug 2024; Accepted: 26 Aug 2024; Published: 31 Aug 2024.
Open Access Copyright 2024 Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0.

Citation Format:
Cover Image
Abstract

Chemical dyeing and finishing processes used in the clothing and textile industries are among the main contributors that can increase the impact of climate change. Photocatalysis using nanosized titanium dioxide (TiO2) has been continuously developed as a promising technology for purifying dye wastewater into simpler and environmentally friendly components. In addition, the decoration of iron cations (Fe2+) and (Fe3+) increases the reusability of the photocatalyst due to their magnetic properties, which are easy to collect for the recycling process. Magnetic Fex+/TiO2 microfibers have been successfully prepared using a hydrothermal method using titanium dioxide in an alkaline solution. Cations were added into the solution with the different molar ratios of Ti/Fex+ to produce Fe2+/TNW and Fe3+/TNW, respectively. Photocatalysis activity test using magnetic Fex+/TNW was carried out using methylene blue in a reactor equipped with an incandescent bulb lamp representing solar light. The results showed that adding the cations resulted in a new shape of palm tree leaves, like titanate microfibers. Controlling the cation’s molar ratio produces the magnetic Fex+/TNW with a 50-150 µm length. SEM images of each material presented the uniformly elongated shape and aggregated on one side morphology. In addition, paramagnetic properties indicate that magnetic Fex+/TNW can be easily separated from the dispersion in less than 1 minute using an external magnet. A photocatalysis activity test of magnetic Fex+/TNW was performed by calculating the percent degradation of methylene blue with variations in irradiation time in visible light conditions. The result showed the effectiveness of photodegradation of methylene blue was significantly increased in materials with 3.3 molar ratios of both Ti/Fe2+ and Ti/Fe3+ with a percent degradation reaching 79% and 70%, respectively, in 5 hours. In conclusion, magnetic Fex+/TNW is introduced as an alternative dye wastewater treatment technology that has reusable properties and works well on sustainable energy sources of solar light.

Fulltext View|Download
Keywords: Magnetic Feˣ⁺/TiO₂ Microfibers; Degradation; Methylene Blue; Photocatalytic
Funding: University of Arkansas; Fulbright-AMINEF grant

Article Metrics:

  1. UNICEF, Water scarcity, Addressing the growing lack of available water to meet children’s needs., (2022), (accessed September 23rd, 2020) https://www.unicef.org/wash/water-scarcity
  2. Stewart M. Patrick, The Coming Global Water Crisis, (2012), (accessed September 23rd, 2022) https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2012/05/the-coming-global-water-crisis/256896/
  3. Alan Hudd, Dyeing for fashion: Why the clothes industry is causing 20% of water pollution, (2022), (accessed October 31st, 2022) https://www.euronews.com/green/2022/02/26/dyeing-for-fashion-why-the-fashion-industry-is-causing-20-of-water-pollution
  4. Clean Clothes Campaign, Climate Change, (accessed August 12th, 2024) https://cleanclothes.org/climate-change
  5. Tiphanie Deblonde, Carole Cossu-Leguille, Philippe Hartemann, Emerging pollutants in wastewater: A review of the literature, International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 214, 6, (2011), 442-448 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2011.08.002
  6. Sana Khalid, Muhammad Shahid, Natasha, Irshad Bibi, Tania Sarwar, Ali Haidar Shah, Nabeel Khan Niazi, A Review of Environmental Contamination and Health Risk Assessment of Wastewater Use for Crop Irrigation with a Focus on Low and High-Income Countries, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15, 5, (2018), 895 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15050895
  7. Xander Vagg, A Coming Water Crisis?, American Security Project, (2012), (accessed September 23rd, 2022) https://www.americansecurityproject.org/a-coming-water-crisis/
  8. Wenjun Dong, Tierui Zhang, Michelle McDonald, Carmen Padilla, Joshua Epstein, Z. Ryan Tian, Biocompatible nanofiber scaffolds on metal for controlled release and cell colonization, Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine, 2, 4, (2006), 248-252 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nano.2006.10.005
  9. Wenjun Dong, Tierui Zhang, Joshua Epstein, Lisa Cooney, Hong Wang, Yanbin Li, Ying-Bing Jiang, Andrew Cogbill, Vijay Varadan, Z. Ryan Tian, Multifunctional Nanowire Bioscaffolds on Titanium, Chemistry of Materials, 19, 18, (2007), 4454-4459 https://doi.org/10.1021/cm070845a
  10. Misriyani Misriyani, Abdul Wahid Wahab, Paulina Taba, Jarnuzi Gunlazuardi, Effect of Anodizing Time and Annealing Temperature on Photoelectrochemical Properties of Anodized TiO2 Nanotube for Corrosion Prevention Application, Indonesian Journal of Chemistry, 17, 2, (2017), 219-227 https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.24183
  11. E. S. Kunarti, Misriyani, Synthesis and Photoelectrochemical Activity of TiO2 Nanotube Based Free Standing Membrane, Asian Journal of Chemistry, 32, 11, (2020), 2739-2742 https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2020.22764
  12. Misriyani, Abdul Wahid Wahab, Paulina Taba, Jarnuzi Gunlazuardi, Synthesis of TiO2 Nanotube Decorated Ag as Photoelectrode: Application for Corrosion Prevention of Stainless Steel 304 Under Visible Light Exposure, International Journal of Applied Chemistry, 11, 5, (2015), 611-619
  13. Misriyani Misriyani, Eko Sri Kunarti, Masahide Yasuda, Synthesis of Mn(II)-Loaded TixSi1-xO4 Composite Acting as a Visible-Light Driven Photocatalyst, Indonesian Journal of Chemistry, 15, 1, (2015), 43-49
  14. Z. Ryan Tian, TiO2 nanostructures, membranes and films, and methods of making same, US8883115B2, University of Arkansas Technology Development Foundation, 2014
  15. Dongfang Yang, Titanium Dioxide: Material for a Sustainable Environment, IntechOpen, Rijeka, 2018, ^ https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.70290
  16. Sri Hilma Siregar, Prasetya Prasetya, Norramizawati Norramizawati, Marlian Marlian, Aulia Rizki Ramadhanti, Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) Modified Bentonite for Photodegradation in Methylene Blue Dye, Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi, 26, 4, (2023), 143-150 https://doi.org/10.14710/jksa.26.4.143-150
  17. M. A. Majeed Khan, Rahul Siwach, Sushil Kumar, Abdulaziz N. Alhazaa, Role of Fe doping in tuning photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical properties of TiO2 for photodegradation of methylene blue, Optics & Laser Technology, 118, (2019), 170-178 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2019.05.012
  18. Saji George, Suman Pokhrel, Zhaoxia Ji, Bryana L. Henderson, Tian Xia, LinJiang Li, Jeffrey I. Zink, André E. Nel, Lutz Mädler, Role of Fe Doping in Tuning the Band Gap of TiO2 for the Photo-Oxidation-Induced Cytotoxicity Paradigm, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 133, 29, (2011), 11270-11278 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja202836s
  19. Marcus Einert, Pascal Hartmann, Bernd Smarsly, Torsten Brezesinski, Quasi-homogenous photocatalysis of quantum-sized Fe-doped TiO2 in optically transparent aqueous dispersions, Scientific Reports, 11, 1, (2021), 17687 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-96911-6
  20. M. S. Shalaby, N. M. Yousif, Hadeer Gamal, Mohammed O. Alziyadi, Fe dopant controlled the ferromagnetic, structural, thermal, optical, and electrical characteristics of CdO nanoparticles, Results in Chemistry, 7, (2024), 101260 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rechem.2023.101260
  21. M. Yeganeh, N. Shahtahmasebi, A. Kompany, M. Karimipour, F. Razavi, N. H. S. Nasralla, L. Šiller, The magnetic characterization of Fe doped TiO2 semiconducting oxide nanoparticles synthesized by sol–gel method, Physica B: Condensed Matter, 511, (2017), 89-98 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2017.02.010
  22. Idrees Khan, Khalid Saeed, Ivar Zekker, Baoliang Zhang, Abdulmajeed H. Hendi, Ashfaq Ahmad, Shujaat Ahmad, Noor Zada, Hanif Ahmad, Luqman Ali Shah, Tariq Shah, Ibrahim Khan, Review on Methylene Blue: Its Properties, Uses, Toxicity and Photodegradation, Water, 14, 2, (2022), 242 https://doi.org/10.3390/w14020242

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Last update: 2024-11-04 18:26:32

No citation recorded.