DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jksa.29.9.641-647

Synthesis of Reusable Cd(II)-Imprinted Polymers: Impact of Extractant Agents on Selective Cavity Formation and Cadmium Adsorption Performance

1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim, Malang, Indonesia

2Research Center for Polymer Technology, Research Organization for Nanotechnology and Materials, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Tangerang Selatan, Indonesia

Received: 26 Jul 2026; Revised: 25 Sep 2026; Accepted: 16 Oct 2026; Published: 30 Oct 2026.
Open Access Copyright 2026 Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0.

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Abstract

Cadmium (Cd) heavy metal pollution from industrial activities poses a serious threat to aquatic ecosystems and human health. This study focuses on creating Cd(II)-imprinted polymers (Cd(II)-IPs) as selective adsorbents for Cd(II) ions and assessing the ability of extractant agents to form specific cavities within the polymer structure. The adsorbent’s ability to regenerate was also analyzed to support the development of eco-friendly adsorbents. Cd(II)-IPs were made using 8-hydroxyquinoline, methacrylic acid, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, and azobisisobutyronitrile. The Cd(II) ions were extracted from the polymer matrix with HNO3, HCl, and H2SO4. The results showed that HNO3 was the most effective extractant for releasing Cd(II) ions from the polymer, yielding a selective Cd(II) adsorbent with an adsorption capacity of 63.46 mg/g. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the successful removal of Cd(II) ions, as indicated by the disappearance of the characteristic peak of Cd(NO3)2·4H2O after extraction with HNO3. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis showed that Cd(II)-IPs had a larger surface area, pore volume, and pore diameter compared to non-imprinted polymers (NIPs) as a control. Cd(II)-IPs could retain adsorption activity and competitive performance after repeated regeneration, with a regeneration ability of up to five adsorption-desorption cycles and a recovery efficiency of 21.2%. Cd(II)-IPs have the potential to be applied in selective and sustainable industrial wastewater treatment.

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Keywords: adsorption; Cd(II)-imprinted polymers; extractant agents; cadmium contamination; regeneration

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Section: Research Articles
Language : EN
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