DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/lr.v16i1.30310

(Un)Blurred Concept of Sovereign Rights at Sea : Implementation Context

*Arie Afriansyah  -  Faculty of Law, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
Dila Paruna  -  Faculty of Law, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
Rania Andiani  -  Faculty of Law, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
Open Access Copyright 2020 LAW REFORM under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0.

Citation Format:
Abstract

The term “sovereign rights” has been used on many occasions in referring to coastal states’ actions in exploring and exploiting the ocean’s natural resources beyond their sovereign territory. Not to mention the lack of comprehension between “sovereignty” and “sovereign rights” of the general public, it appears that the last term is also lacking clear definition available for a legal basis. This clarity is crucial to give the legal certainty for states’ entitlement to conduct actions within their jurisdictions. This paper tries to clarify the legal definition of “sovereign rights” under international dan national practice. It concludes that no single universally accepted definition of sovereign rights. The explanation of rights and duties of such a definition is mostly practiced both internationally and nationally. The finding is based on the survey of the implementation of international rules, international judgments, and Indonesian court decisions.

Fulltext View|Download
Keywords: Sovereignty; Sovereign Rights; Domestic Implementation

Article Metrics:

Article Info
Section: Articles
Language : EN
Recent articles
Binding Legal Force of Supreme Court Decision over General Election Commission (Un)Blurred Concept of Sovereign Rights at Sea : Implementation Context Issuance of a Search Warrant for Narcotics Crime in Indonesia More recent articles
Most cited articles
IMPLEMENTASI PENILAIAN KEBARUAN DAN PRINSIP ITIKAD BAIK DALAM PERLINDUNGAN DESAIN INDUSTRI COUNTER TERRORISM BAGI PELAKU TINDAK PIDANA TERORISME SEBAGAI UPAYA PENANGGULANGAN KEJAHATAN TERORISME DI INDONESIA GLOBALISASI LESBIAN, GAY, BISEKSUAL, DAN TRANSGENDER (LGBT): PERSPEKTIF HAM DAN AGAMA DALAM LINGKUP HUKUM DI INDONESIA PRIVATISASI BADAN USAHA MILIK NEGARA PENDIDIKAN HUKUM SEBAGAI PENDIDIKAN MANUSIA More cited articles
  1. Kim, Suk K. (2017). Maritime Disputes in Northeast Asia: Regional Challenges and Cooperation. Leiden: BRILL-Nijhoff
  2. Klemm, Cyrille de & Shine, Clare. (1993). Biological Diversity Conservation and the Law: Legal Mechanism for Conserving Species and Ecosystem. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge: IUCN
  3. Oppenheim, Lassa F. (1912). International Law. A Treatise. Vol. I (of 2). Ed.2. London, New York, Bombay, Calluta: Longmans, Green and Co
  4. Scalieri, E. (2019). Discretionary Power of Coastal States and the Control of Its Compliance with International Law by International Tribunals, in Angela Del Vecchio and Roberto Virzo (eds.). Interpretations of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea by International Courts and Tribunals. Leiden: Springer
  5. Schmitt, Michael N. (2017). Tallinn Manual 2.0 on the International Law Applicable to Cyber Operations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
  6. Shearer, I. (2014). The Limits of Maritime Jurisdiction, in Clive Schofield, Seokwoo Lee and Moon-Sang Kwon (eds.). The Limits of Maritime Jurisdiction. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff
  7. Steinberger, H. (1987). Sovereignty, in Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law, Encyclopedia for Public International Law, Vol 10. North Holland: Elseivier Science Publisher
  8. Suganuma, U. (2002). Sovereign Rights and Territorial Space in Sino-Japanese Relations: Irredentism and the Diaoyu/Senkaku Islands. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press
  9. Sunyowati, Dina., & Narwati, Enny. (2013). Textbook on the Law of the Sea. Surabaya: Airlangga University Press
  10. Tanaka, Y. (2012). The International Law of the Sea. Ed. 2. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
  11. Walker, George K. (ed.). (2014). Definitions for the Law of the Sea: Terms Not Defined by the 1982 Convention. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff
  12. Waltermann, Antonia M. (2019). Reconstructing Sovereignty. Switzerland: Springer
  13. Benoist, Alain de. (1999). What Is Sovereignty. Telos: Critical Theory of the Contemporary, Vol. 116, pp. 99
  14. Brown, E.D. (1977). The Continental Shelf and the Exclusive Economic Zone: The Problem of Delimitation at UNCLOS III. Maritime Policy & Management, Vol. 4 No. 6, pp. 214-236
  15. Bytyak, Yuriy., Yakovyuk, Ivan., Tragniuk, Olesia., & Tetyana, Komarova. (2017). The State Sovereignty and Sovereign Rights: The Correlation Problem. Man in India, Vol. 97, (No. 23), p. 579, 581, 586
  16. Bilder, Richard B. (1994). Perspectives on Sovereignty in the Current Context: An American Viewpoint. Canada - United States Law Journal, Vol. 20, pp. 10
  17. Churchill, R.R. (1993). Fisheries Issues in Maritime Boundary Delimitation. Marine Policy, Vol.17, (No. 1), pp. 44-57
  18. Correa, Carlos M. (1995). Sovereign and Property Rights Over Plant Genetic Resources. Agriculture and Human Values, Vol. 12, (No. 4), pp. 59
  19. Juda, L. (1987). The Exclusive Economic Zone and Ocean Management. Ocean Development & International Law, Vol.18, (No.3), pp. 305-331
  20. Kurtulus, Ersun N. (2002). Sovereign Rights in International Relations: A Futile Search for Regulated or Regular State Behaviour. Review of International Studies, Vol. 28, (No. 4), pp. 760, 764
  21. Lando, M. (2017). Judicial Uncertainties Concerning Territorial Sea Delimitation under Article 15 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. International and Comparative Law Quarterly, Vol. 66, (No. 3), p. 589, pp.590-591
  22. Lasabuda, R. (2013). Tinjauan Teoritis Pembangunan Wilayah Pesisir Dan Lautan Dalam Perspektif Negara Kepulauan Republik Indonesia (Regional Development in Coastal and Ocean in Archipelago Perspective of the Republic of Indonesia). Jurnal Ilmiah Platax, Vol. I, (No. 2), pp. 92-93
  23. Nugraha, Aditya Taufan & Irman. (2014). Perlindungan Hukum Zona Ekonomi Eksklusif (ZEE) Terhadap Eksistensi Indonesia Sebagai Negara Maritim (Legal Protection of Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ) Against the Existence of Indonesia as a Maritime State). Jurnal Selat, Vol.2, (No.1), p.156, 162
  24. Oxman, Bernard H., & Cogliati-Bantz, Vincent P. (2014). The M/V “Virginia G” (Panama/Guinea-Bissau). Case No. 19. 53 ILM 1164 92014. International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, April 14, 2014. American Journal of International Law, Vol. 108, pp. 769
  25. Purba, M. (2019). Konsep Hak Berdaulat di Wilayah Yurisdiksi untuk Memanfaatkan Hak Ekonomi di Negara Kepulauan Pancasila (The Concept of Sovereign Rights in the Jurisdiction Region to Utilize Economic Rights in the Archipelagic State of Pancasila). Jurnal Majelis, Vol. 2, pp. 74-75
  26. Schatz, Valentin. (2016). Fishing for Interpretation: The ITLOS Advisory Opinion on Flag State Responsibility for Illegal Fishing in the EEZ. Ocean Development & International Law, Vol. 47, (No.4), p. 327, 329
  27. Simarmata, P. (2017). Hukum Zona Ekonomi Eksklusif dan Hak Indonesia Menurut Undang-Undang RI Nomor 5 Tahun 1983 (Economic Exclusive Zone Law and Indonesian Rights based on Law Number 5 Year 1983). Syntax Literate: Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia, Vol. 2, (No 2), pp. 108, 113
  28. Smith, Robert W. (2010). Maritime Delimitation in the South China Sea: Potentiality and Challenges. Ocean Development & International Law, Vol. 41, (No. 3), pp. 214-236
  29. Convention on Biological Diversity, United Nations 1992, opened for signature on 4 June 1993, (entered into force 29 December 1993)
  30. Convention on International Civil Aviation done at Chicago on the 7th Day of December 1944
  31. Convention on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone Done at Geneva in 1958
  32. Convention Relating to The Regulation of Aerial Navigation on the 13th October 1919
  33. Concluding Document of the Hague Conference on European Energy Charter, opened for signature on 21 November 1990
  34. Coordinating Ministry for Maritime Affairs Republic of Indonesia, Indonesian Ocean Policy
  35. Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, adopted on June 16, 1972 by the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment
  36. Indonesian Government Regulation Number 36 of 2012 on Rights and Obligations of Foreign Ships in Implementing Innocent Passage through Indonesian Waters
  37. Indonesian Government Regulation Number 37 of 2012 on the Rights and Obligations of Ships Foreign Aircraft in Implementing the Rights of the Archipelagic Sea Pathway through the Specified Archipelagic Sea Path
  38. Indonesian Law Number 5 of 1983 on Indonesia Exclusive Economic Zone
  39. Indonesian Law Number 32 of 2014 on Maritime
  40. Indonesian Law Number 6 of 1996 on Indonesian Waters
  41. Indonesian Law Number 43 of 2008 on State Territory
  42. Indonesian Presidential Regulation Number 16 Year 2007 on Indonesian Maritime Policy
  43. The 1957 Djuanda Declaration adopted on 13 December 1957
  44. The Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, produced at the 1992 United Nations “Conference on Environment and Development” (UNCED)
  45. United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, opened for signature on 10 December 1982, (entered into force 16 November 1994)
  46. International Court of Justice. (2012). Territorial and Maritime Dispute (Nicaragua v. Colombia), I.C.J Reports
  47. International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea. (2014). The M/V “Virginia G” (Panama/Guinea-Bissau). Case No. 19. 53 ILM 1164, Apr. 14
  48. Tanjungpinang District Court. (2013). Decision Number 3/Pid.Sus/PRKN/2013/PN.Tpi
  49. Tanjungpinang District Court. (2014). Decision Number 3/Pid.Sus-PRK/2014/PN.Tpg
  50. Tanjungpinang District Court. (2017). Decision Number 44/Pid.Sus-PRK/2017/PN.Tpg
  51. Tanjungpinang District Court. (2018). Decision Number 6/Pid.Sus-PRK/2018/PN.Tpg
  52. Allen, Craig H. (2014). Guest Post: Law of the Sea Tribunal Implies a Principle of Reasonableness in UNCLOS Article 73. Retrieved from http://opiniojuris.org/2014/04/17/guest-post-law-sea-tribunal-implies-principle-reasonableness-unclos-article-73
  53. Avisena, Ilham R. (2019). Indonesia-Vietnam Waters Incident Due to Overlapping of Exclusive Economic Zones. Retrieved from https://mediaindonesia.com/read/detail/232654-insiden-perairan-indonesia-vietnam-akibat-tumpang-tindih-zee
  54. Brown, Tom. (2016). World Court to Draw Up Nicaragua-Colombia Maritime Boundary. Retrieved from https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nicaragua-colombia-border/world-court-to-draw-up-nicaragua-colombia-maritime-boundary-idUSKCN0WJ2F2
  55. Iqbal, Donny., & Ambari, M. (2019). Vietnam, Dominant Countries of IUUF Actors in the Indonesian Sea. Retrieved from https://www.mongabay.co.id/2019/02/28/vietnam-negara-dominan-pelaku-iuuf-di-laut-indonesia/
  56. Kurmala, A. (2019). Indonesia-Vietnam Needs ‘Rules of Engagement’ to Avoid Conflict. Retrieved from https://www.antaranews.com/berita/ 849851/indonesia-vietnam-perlu-rules-of-engagement-untuk-hindari-konflik
  57. Nugraha, Ricky Mohammad., & Bhwana, Petir Garda. (2019). Indonesian Navy Patrol Struck by Vietnamese Ship over Natuna Sea. Retrieved from https://en.tempo.co/read/ 1200195/indonesian-navy-patrol-struck-by-vietnamese-ship-over-natuna-sea
  58. Ng, Jefferson. (2020). The Natuna Sea Incident: How Indonesia Is Managing Its Bilateral Relationship with China. Retrieved from https://thediplomat.com/2020/01/the-natuna-sea-incident-how-indonesia-is-managing-its-bilateral-relationship-with-china/
  59. Pelizzon, A. (2016). Sovereignty: General Principles. Retrieved from http://nationalunity government.org/pdf/SovereigntyGuidelines-Alessandro-Pelizzon.pdf
  60. S.B. (2012). Hot Waters: Colombia Pulls Out the Pact of Bogotá Over a Territorial Dispute with Nicaragua. Retrieved from https://www.economist.com/americas-view/2012/11/29/hot-waters
  61. Wardi, Robertus., & Nathalia, Telly. (2020). Indonesian Military on Full Alert in North Natuna Sea After Border Trespass by Chinese Vessels. Retrieved from https://jakartaglobe.id/news/indonesian-military-on-full-alert-in-north-natuna-sea-after-border-trespass-by-chinese-vessels
  62. Gunawan, Yordan., & Yogar, Hanna Nur Afifah. (2019). Law Enforcement on Illegal Fishing of Illegal Foreign Vessels Within EEZ of Indonesia, in Social Sciences on Sustainable Development for World Challenge: The First Economics, Law, Education and Humanities International Conference, KnE Social Sciences, pp. 656-666, 658
  63. Gevorgyan, K. (2014). Concept of State Sovereignty: Modern Attitudes, in Materials of conference devoted to 80th of the Faculty of Law of the Yerevan State University, pp. 435

Last update:

  1. Republic of Indonesia Sovereign Right in North Natuna Sea according to United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982

    Belardo Prasetya Mega Jaya, Agus Prihartono Permana Sidiq, Mohamad Fasyehhudin, Nuryati Solapari. Australian Journal of Maritime & Ocean Affairs, 16 (1), 2024. doi: 10.1080/18366503.2023.2206261

Last update: 2024-12-23 09:16:09

No citation recorded.