skip to main content

Praktik Menyusui yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Stunting pada Balita di Indonesia: Telaah Literatur

*Syifa Al Janna Chairunnisa  -  Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang|Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia
Sri Achadi Nugraheni  -  Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang|Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia
Apoina Kartini  -  Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang|Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia
Open Access Copyright 2020 MEDIA KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT INDONESIA under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/.

Citation Format:
Abstract

Latar belakang: Masih rendahnya tingkat menyusui di Indonesia bersamaan dengan cukup tingginya kejadian stunting pada balita di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi variabel faktor praktik menyusui yang berhubungan dengan kejadian stunting pada balita di Indonesia.

Metode: Strategi pencarian literatur dalam database daring dilakukan menggunakan mesin pencarian Portal Garuda, SpringerLink, EBSCOhost, dan Google Scholar dengan kata kunci: stunting, indonesia, breastfeeding. Pembatasan ditetapkan pada artikel: artikel asli dari sumber utama dengan teks penuh, diterbitkan sepuluh tahun terakhir, berbahasa Indonesia dan/atau Inggris. Faktor praktik menyusui yang berhubungan dengan kejadian stunting pada balita di Indonesia diidentifikasi. Dari 808 artikel didapatkan 37 artikel memenuhi kriteria, diidentifikasi dan menghasilkan tiga variabel besar yaitu pelaksanaan IMD, pemberian ASI eksklusif, serta durasi menyusui (lamanya pemberian ASI dalam lingkup waktu luas).

Hasil: Variabel yang berhubungan positif dengan kejadian stunting di Indonesia yaitu pelaksanaan IMD serta pemberian ASI eksklusif. Penundaan inisiasi menyusu atau tidak melaksanakan IMD serta tidak memberikan ASI eksklusif menjadi faktor risiko stunting pada balita di Indonesia dengan OR tertinggi masing-masing sebesar 3,69 dan 19,50. Variabel durasi menyusui terhadap kejadian stunting di Indonesia masih inkonklusif dimana durasi menyusui yang lebih lama ditemukan berhubungan positif dan negatif dengan menjadi faktor protektif dan faktor risiko kejadian stunting pada balita di Indonesia.

Simpulan: Praktik menyusui yang ditemukan berhubungan signifikan dengan kejadian stunting pada balita di Indonesia meliputi pelaksanaan IMD, pemberian ASI eksklusif, serta durasi menyusui, menggambarkan bagaimana pentingnya praktik menyusui berinteraksi terhadap status gizi.

Kata kunci: stunting; Indonesia; praktik menyusui; balita

ABSTRACT

Title: Breastfeeding Practice Factors Associated with Stunting among Under-five Children in Indonesia: A Literature Review

Background: Low rates of breastfeeding practices in Indonesia coincide with the high incidence of childhood stunting. This review aimed to identify breastfeeding factor variables associated with stunting among under-five children in Indonesia.

Method: Online literature search strategy was conducted using Portal Garuda, SpringerLink, EBSCOhost, and Google Scholar with the following keywords: stunting, Indonesia, breastfeeding. Search limits included: original and full article from primary sources, published in the last ten years, Indonesian and/or English language. Breastfeeding practice factors associated with stunting were identified. From 808 articles, 37 were obtained fulfilling the criteria. They were identified and produced three major variables, including breastfeeding initiation, exclusive breastfeeding, and breastfeeding duration.

Result: Variables reported to be positively associated with stunting among under-five in Indonesia were breastfeeding initiation and exclusive breastfeeding. Delayed breastfeeding initiation and non-exclusive breastfeeding were reported to be the risk factors of stunting among under-five in Indonesia with the highest OR of 3,69 and 19,50. The breastfeeding duration variable is still inconclusive, where prolonged breastfeeding was found positively and negatively associated by becoming the protective and risk factors of stunting among under-five children in Indonesia.

Conclusion: Breastfeeding practice factors found to be significantly associated with stunting in Indonesia are exclusive breastfeeding, breastfeeding initiation and breastfeeding duration, demonstrating the importance of how breastfeeding practices interact with nutritional status.

Keywords: Stunting; Indonesia; breastfeeding practices; under-five children

Fulltext View|Download
Keywords: stunting; indonesia; menyusui; balita

Article Metrics:

  1. Gibney MJ, Margetts BM, Kearney JM, Arab L. Gizi Kesehatan Masyarakat (Public Health Nutrition). Hartono A. Jakarta: EGC; 2008
  2. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Pedoman Gizi Seimbang. Jakarta: Direktorat Bina Gizi dan KIA; 2011. 2 hal
  3. Ramli, Agho KE, Inder KJ, Bowe SJ, Jacobs J, Dibley MJ. Prevalence and risk factors for stunting and severe stunting among under-fives in North Maluku province of Indonesia. BMC Pediatr. 2009;9(1):64
  4. UNICEF. Tracking Progress on Child and Maternal Nutrition - A survival and development priority. 2009
  5. UNICEF. Improving Child Nutrition: The achievable imperative for global progress. UNICEF; 2013. 124 hal
  6. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan. Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2018. Jakarta; 2018
  7. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan. Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2010. Jakarta; 2010
  8. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan. Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2013. Jakarta; 2013
  9. UNICEF. The State of The World’s Children 1998
  10. World Health Organization. Stunted Growth and Development: Context, Causes and Consequences [framework leaflet]. 2017
  11. Stewart CP, Iannotti L, Dewey KG, Michaelsen KF, Onyango AW. Contextualising complementary feeding in a broader framework for stunting prevention. Matern Child Nutr. September 2013;9:27–45
  12. Tim Nasional Percepatan Penanggulangan Kemiskinan. 100 Kabupaten/Kota Prioritas untuk Intervensi Anak Kerdil (Stunting). Jakarta; 2017
  13. UNICEF. Tracking Progress for Breastfeeding Policies and Programmes. 2017
  14. Wilopo SA. Pola, tren, dan perbedaan praktik menyusui di Indonesia: analisis deskriptif peran modernisasi dan budaya tradisional dari data Survei Demografi Kesehatan Indonesia 2007. J Gizi Klin Indones. 2009;6(1):42
  15. Tama TD, Astutik E. Exclusive Breastfeeding Survival And Factors Related to Early Breastfeeding Cessation in Indonesia. Adv Helath Sci Res. 2019;7:183–6
  16. Kementerian Perlindungan Perempuan dan Pemberdayaan Anak. Profil Anak Indonesia 2019. Jakarta; 2019
  17. Black RE, Victora CG, Walker SP, Bhutta ZA, Christian P, de Onis M, et al. Maternal and child undernutrition and overweight in low-income and middle-income countries. Lancet. 2013;382(9890):427–51
  18. Permadi MR, Hanim D, Kusnandar K, Indarto D. Risiko Inisiasi Menyusu Dini dan Praktek ASI Eksklusif terhadap Kejadian Stunting pada Anak 6-24 Bulan. Penelit Gizi dan Makanan. 2016;39(1):9–14
  19. Sumiaty S. Pengaruh Faktor Ibu dan Pola Menyusui terhadap Stunting Baduta 6-23 Bulan. J Ilm Bidan. 2017;2(2):1–8
  20. Muldiasman M, Kusharisupeni K, Laksminingsih E, Besral B. Can early initiation to breastfeeding prevent stunting in 6–59 months old children? J Heal Res. 2018;32(5):334–41
  21. Simanjuntak BY, Haya M, Suryani D, Ahmad CA. Early inititation of breastfeeding and Vitamin A supplementation with nutritional status of children aged 6-59 months. Kesmas Natl Public Heal J. 2018;12(3):107–13
  22. Windasari DP, Syam I, Kamal LS. Faktor hubungan dengan kejadian stunting di Puskesmas Tamalate Kota Makassar. AcTion Aceh Nutr J. 2020;5(1):27
  23. Najahah I, Adhi KT, Pinatih GNI. Faktor Risiko Balita Stunting Usia 12-36 Bulan di Puskesmas Dasan Agung, Mataram, Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat. Public Heal Prev Med Arch. 2013;1(2):103
  24. Ni’mah K, Nadhiroh SR. Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Stunting pada Balita. Media Gizi Indones. 2015;10(1):13–9
  25. Nugroho A. Determinan Growth Failure (Stunting) pada Anak Umur 1 S/D 3 Tahun (Studi di Kecamatan Tanjungkarang Barat Kota Bandar Lampung). J Kesehat. 2016;7(3):470
  26. Susilowati S, Kusharisupeni K, Fikawati S, Achmad K. Breast-feeding duration and children’s nutritional status at age 12-24 months. Paediatr Indones. 2016;50(1):56
  27. Torlesse H, Cronin AA, Sebayang SK, Nandy R. Determinants of stunting in Indonesian children: evidence from a cross-sectional survey indicate a prominent role for the water, sanitation and hygiene sector in stunting reduction. BMC Public Health. 2016;16(669)
  28. Aramico B, Husna Z. Analisis determinan stunting pada baduta di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas tahun 2016. J Gizi dan Diet Indones (Indonesian J Nutr Diet. 2017;4(3):154
  29. Damayanti RA, Muniroh L, Farapti F. Perbedaan Tingkat Kecukupan Zat Gizi dan Riwayat Pemberian ASI Eksklusif pada Balita Stunting dan Non Stunting. Media Gizi Indones. 2017;11(1):61
  30. Rahman N, Napirah MR, Nadila D, Bohari. Determinants of stunting among children in urban families in palu, Indonesia. Pakistan J Nutr. 2017;16(10):750–6
  31. Anjela P, Hidayat R, Harahap DH. Risk Factors for Stunting Children Aged 6-59 Months In Pulau Panggung District, South Sumatera, Indonesia. Biosci Med J Biomed Transl Res. 2018;2(2):61–7
  32. Larasati DA, Nindya TS, Arief YS. Hubungan antara Kehamilan Remaja dan Riwayat Pemberian ASI Dengan Kejadian Stunting pada Balita di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Pujon Kabupaten Malang. Amerta Nutr. 2018;2(4):392
  33. Lestari ED, Hasanah F, Nugroho NA. Correlation between non-exclusive breastfeeding and low birth weight to stunting in children. Paediatr Indones. 2018;58(3):123–7
  34. Manggala AK, Kenwa KWM, Kenwa MML, Sakti AAGDPJ, Sawitri AAS. Risk factors of stunting in children aged 24-59 months. Paediatr Indones. 2018;58(5):205–12
  35. Maywita E. Faktor Risiko Penyebab Terjadinya Stunting pada Balita Umur 12-59 Bulan di Kelurahan Kampung Baru Kec. Lubuk Begalung Tahun 2015. J Ris Hesti Medan Akper Kesdam I/BB Medan. 2018;3(1):56
  36. Rahayu RM, Pamungkasari EP, Wekadigunawan C. The Biopsychosocial Determinants of Stunting and Wasting in Children Aged 12-48 Months. J Matern Child Heal. 2018;3(2):105–18
  37. Sajalia H, Dewi YLR, Murti B. Life Course Epidemiology on the Determinants of Stunting in Children Under Five in East Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara. J Matern Child Heal. 2018;03(04):242–51
  38. Taufiqoh S, Suryantoro P, Kurniawati HF. Maternal parity and exclusive breastfeeding history are significantly associated with stunting in children aged 12-59 months. Maj Obstet Ginekol. 2018;25(2):66
  39. Ariati LIP. Faktor-Faktor Resiko Penyebab Terjadinya Stunting pada Balita Usia 23-59 Bulan. Oksitosin J Ilm Kebidanan. 2019;6(1):28–37
  40. Barir B, Murti B, Pamungkasari EP. The Associations between Exclusive Breastfeeding, Complementary Feeding, and the Risk of Stunting in Children Under Five Years of Age: A Path Analysis Evidence from Jombang East Java. J Matern Child Heal. 2019;4(6):486–98
  41. Dewi AR, Dewi YLR, Murti B. Life Course Factors Associated with Stunting in Children Aged 2-5 Years: A Path Analysis. J Matern Child Heal. 2019;4(5):348–57
  42. Fauziyyah RL, Dewi YLR, Wekadigunawan C, Adriani RB. Path Analysis on the Life-Course Biopsychosocial Determinants of Stunting in Children Under Five Years of Age in Karawang, West Java. J Matern Child Heal. 2019;04(01):25–35
  43. Rita W, Anita B, Hidayah N, Podesta F, Ardiansyah S, Subeqi AT, et al. Hubungan pola asuh dengan kejadian stunting (rekomendasi pengendaliannya di Kabupaten Lebong). Ris Inf Kesehat. 2019;8(2):140
  44. Rakhmahayu A, Dewi YLR, Murti B. Logistic Regression Analysis on the Determinants of Stunting among Children Aged 6-24 Months in Purworejo Regency, Central Java. J Matern Child Heal. 2019;4(3):158–69
  45. Sugiyanto J, Raharjo SS, Dewi YLR. The Effects of Exclusive Breastfeeding and Contextual Factor of Village on Stunting in Bontang, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. J Epidemiol Public Heal. 2019;4(3):222–33
  46. Sumardilah DS, Rahmadi A. Risiko Stunting Anak Baduta (7-24 bulan). J Kesehat. 2019;10(1):93
  47. Sumartini E, Gurnida DA, Fadlyana E, Susiarno H, Rusmil K, Effendi JS. Stunting Determinant on Toddler Age of 12–24 Months in Singaparna Public Health Center Tasikmalaya Regency. Glob Med Heal Commun. 2019;7(3):224–31
  48. Yuniarti TS, Margawati A, Nuryanto N. Faktor Risiko Kejadian Stunting Anak Usia 1-2 Tahun Di Daerah Rob Kota Pekalongan. J Ris Gizi. 2019;7(2):83–90
  49. Anindya IG, Salimo H, Dewi YRR. The Association between Exclusive Breastfeeding, Maternal Nutritional Status, Maternal Zinc Intake, and Stunting in Infants Aged 6 Months. J Matern Child Heal. 2020;5(1):37–49
  50. Julianti E, Elni E. Determinants of Stunting in Children Aged 12-59 Months. Nurse Media J Nurs. 2020;10(1):36–45
  51. Lestari EF, Dwihestie LK. ASI Eksklusif Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Stunting pada Balita. J Ilm Permas J Ilm STIKES Kendal. 2020;10(2):129–36
  52. Angriani S, Merita M, Jambi AA. Hubungan Lama Pemberian ASI dan Berat Lahir dengan Kejadian Stunting pada Balita di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Siulak Mukai. J Akad Baiturrahim Jambi. 2016;4(3):154–60
  53. Rachmi CN, Agho KE, Li M, Baur LA. Stunting coexisting with overweight in 2•0-4•9-year-old Indonesian children: Prevalence, trends and associated risk factors from repeated cross-sectional surveys. Public Health Nutr. 2016;19(15):2698–707
  54. E E, Widiasih R, Setyawati A. The Implementation of Early Initiation of Breastfeeding and The Sucking Reflex in Newborns. J Matern Care Reprod Heal. 2018;1(1)
  55. World Health Organization. Global Nutrition Targets 2025: Stunting Policy Brief. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014
  56. Black RE, Allen LH, Bhutta ZA, Caulfield LE, de Onis M, Ezzati M, et al. Maternal and child undernutrition: global and regional exposures and health consequences. Vol. 371, The Lancet. Elsevier; 2008. hal. 243–60
  57. Kumar D, Goel NK, Mittal PC, Misra P. Influence of infant-feeding practices on nutritional status of under-five children. Indian J Pediatr. 2006;73(5):417–21
  58. World Health Organization. Indicators for assessing infant and young child feeding practices. Geneva; 2007
  59. Wahdah S, Juffrie M, Huriyati E. Faktor risiko kejadian stunting pada anak umur 6-36 bulan di Wilayah Pedalaman Kecamatan Silat Hulu, Kapuas Hulu, Kalimantan Barat. J Gizi dan Diet Indones (Indonesian J Nutr Diet. 2016;3(2):119
  60. Edwards JR, Lambert LS. Methods for integrating moderation and mediation: A general analytical framework using moderated path analysis. Psychol Methods. 2007;12(1):1–22
  61. Glaser C, Lattka E, Rzehak P, Steer C, Koletzko B. Genetic variation in polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism and its potential relevance for human development and health. Vol. 7, Maternal and Child Nutrition. Matern Child Nutr; 2011. hal. 27–40
  62. Lauritzen L, Carlson SE. Maternal fatty acid status during pregnancy and lactation and relation to newborn and infant status. Vol. 7, Maternal and Child Nutrition. Wiley-Blackwell; 2011. hal. 41–58
  63. Kismul H, Acharya P, Mapatano MA, Hatløy A. Determinants of childhood stunting in the Democratic Republic of Congo: Further analysis of Demographic and Health Survey 2013-14. Vol. 18, BMC Public Health. BioMed Central Ltd.; 2017. hal. 74
  64. Khan MN, Islam MM. Effect of exclusive breastfeeding on selected adverse health and nutritional outcomes: a nationally representative study. BMC Public Health. 2017;17(1):889
  65. Al-Rahmad AH, Miko A, Hadi A. Kajian Stunting Pada Anak Balita Ditinjau Dari Pemberian ASI Eksklusif, MP-ASI, Status Imunisasi Dan Karakteristik Keluarga Di Kota Banda Aceh. J Kesehat Ilm Nasuwakes. 2013;6(2):169–84
  66. Lestari DAA, Martianto D. Pengembangan Indeks Ketahanan Pangan dan Gizi Tingkat Kabupaten di Kabupaten Bandung Barat. J Ekon Pertan dan Agribisnis. 2018;2(1):62–76
  67. World Health Organization. Global Strategy for Infant and Young Child Feeding. Geneva; 2003
  68. Marquis GS, Habicht JP, Lanata CF, Black RE, Ramussen KM. Breast milk or animal-product foods improve linear growth of Peruvian toddlers consuming marginal diets. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997;66(5):1102–9
  69. Tiwari R, Ausman LM, Agho KE. Determinants of stunting and severe stunting among under-fives: Evidence from the 2011 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey. BMC Pediatr. 27 September 2014;14(1):239
  70. Akombi BJ, Agho KE, Hall JJ, Merom D, Astell-Burt T, Renzaho AMN. Stunting and severe stunting among children under-5 years in Nigeria: A multilevel analysis. BMC Pediatr. 13 Januari 2017;17(1):15
  71. Syeda B, Agho K, Wilson L, Maheshwari GK, Raza MQ. Relationship between breastfeeding duration and undernutrition conditions among children aged 0–3 Years in Pakistan. Int J Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2020;
  72. Cetthakrikul N, Topothai C, Suphanchaimat R, Tisayaticom K, Limwattananon S, Tangcharoensathien V. Childhood stunting in Thailand: When prolonged breastfeeding interacts with household poverty. BMC Pediatr. 2018;18(1):395
  73. Caulfield LE, Bentley ME, Ahmed S. Is Prolonged Breastfeeding Associated with Malnutrition? Evidence from Nineteen Demographic and Health Surveys. Int J Epidemiol. 1996;25(4):693–703
  74. Kramer MS, Moodie EEM, Dahhou M, Platt RW. Breastfeeding and infant size: evidence of reverse causality. Am J Epidemiol. 2011;173(9):978–83
  75. Simondon KB, Simondon F, Costes R, Delaunay V, Diallo A. Breast-feeding is associated with improved growth in length, but not weight, in rural senegalese toddlers. Am J Clin Nutr. 1 Mei 2001;73(5):959–67
  76. Nurmiati N, Besral B. Durasi Pemberian ASI terhadap Ketahanan Hidup Bayi di Indonesia. J Makara Kesehat. 2008;12(2):47–52
  77. Badan Pusat Statistik. Statistik Kesejahteraan Rakyat. 2019

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Last update: 2024-03-29 01:21:05

No citation recorded.