EFEKTIFITAS KATALIS Co/Mo PADA HYDROCRACKING MINYAK NYAMPLUNG

Abstract

THE EFFECTIVTY OF Co/Mo CATALYSTS IN HYDROCRACKING OF NYAMPLUNG OIL. Hydrocracking process of Nyamplung Oil was presented using Co and Mo as metal catalysts. Ratio of CoMo metals in catalysts, can give better catalytic activity for Nyamplung Oil conversion. In this process, we used Co/Mo ratio (0.264/0.64), (0.62/1.61), and (1.23/3.22) towards SiO₂ dan γ-Al₂O₃. This catalyst has made by wet impregnation method with drying temperature at 383 K during 8 hours and was calcined at 773 K for 5 hours. This catalyst was characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and showed Co₃O₄, MoO₃ and CoMoO₄ substances that was deposited at CoMo/SiO₂ catalyst surface. Then, Co₃O₄, MoO₃, MoO₂ and CoMoO₄ substances was also appeared at CoMo/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst surface. That all phases which is deposited at both of this catalyst surface, is appropriate with International Centre for Diffraction Data (ICDD standards). Then, this catalyst was used for hydrocracking process of Nyamplung Oil that takes place at batch reactor. That process was carried out at 3 MPa and 623 K over 2 hours. C₅-C₁₁ dan C₁₂-C₁₈ products was produced from Nyamplung Oil conversion using this process. Both of this products is increased correspond to the addition of Co and Mo metals ratio. The highest yield that was achieved is C₅-C₁₁ (24.30%) and C₁₂-C₁₈ (61.28%) when using Co/Mo (1.23/3.22)/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst. Meanwhile, Co/Mo (1.23/3.22)/ SiO₂ catalyst can produce C₅-C₁₁ (19.52%) and C₁₂-C₁₈ (53.55%).
Keywords: CoMo catalyst; hydrocracking; nyamplung oil 
Abstrak Rasio katalis CoMo sebagai katalis logam memiliki aktivitas yang baik dalam mengkonversi minyak nyamplung. Proses hydrocracking menggunakan rasio Co/Mo (0,24/0,64), (0,62/1,61), dan (1,23/3,22) terhadap SiO₂ dan γ-Al₂O₃. Katalis tersebut menggunakan metode impregnasi basah dengan suhu pengeringan 383 K  selama 8 jam dan dikalsinasi selama 5 jam pada suhu 773 K. Karakterisasi katalis menggunakan XRD (X-ray diffraction) menunjukkan komponen Co₃O₄, MoO₃ dan CoMoO₄ terdeposisi pada permukaan katalis CoMo/SiO₂. Kemudian untuk katalis CoMo/γ-Al₂O₃ terdapat Co₃O₄, MoO₃, MoO₂ dan CoMoO₄ dipermukaan katalis. Fase yang terdeposisi pada permukaan kedua katalis disesuaikan dengan standar ICCD (International Centre for Diffraction Data). Hasil uji aktivitas katalis tersebut menggunakan reaktor batch dengan tekanan 3 MP dan temperatur 623 K, proses reaksi dilakukan selama 120 menit. Konversi minyak nyamplung ada proses hydrocracking diperoleh produk C₅-C₁₁ dan C₁₂-C₁₈. Persentase yield kedua jenis produk meningkat sesuai dengan penambahan rasio Co dan Mo. Produk dengan yield tertinggi pada katalis Co/Mo (1,23/3,22)/ SiO₂ dengan C₅-C₁₁ (19,52%) dan C₁₂-C₁₈ (53,55%). Sementara untuk katalis Co/Mo (1,23/3,22)/ γ-Al₂O₃ diperoleh C₅-C₁₁ (24,30%) dan C₁₂-C₁₈ (61,28%).    Kata kunci: katalis CoMo; hydrocracking; minyak nyamplung