IDENTIFIKASI KESELAMATAN KERJA KEGIATAN BONGKAR MUAT KAPAL PURSE SEINE DI MUNCAR, BANYUWANGI (An Occuputional Safety Identification of Purse Seiner Loading and Unloading Services in Muncar, Banyuwangi)

Abstract

Kegiatan bongkar muat kapal purse seine merupakan kegiatan yang melibatkan banyak orang dan aktivitas. Peluang kecelakaan kerja pada kondisi tersebut dapat terjadi pada setiap tahap aktivitas bongkar muat. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan aktivitas kegiatan bongkar muat kapal purse  seine di PPP Muncar dan mengidentifikasi potensi bahaya pada kegiatan bongkar muat di PPP Muncar. Pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus (Sugiono 2010) digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi keselamatan kerja bongkar muat. Analisis deskriptif dengan pendekatan Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA) dan Job Safety Analysis  (JSA) dilakukan terhadap data observasi langsung di lapangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 52 aktivitas pada kegiatan bongkar muat. Analisis HTA dan JSA menunjukkan dari 52 kegiatan tersebut yang memiliki kategori tidak bahaya sebanyak 3 (6%) kegiatan, ringan 28 (54%) kegiatan, menengah 20 (38%) kegiatan, dan berat 1 (2%) kegiatan serta tidak ada kegiatan yang dikategorikan fatal.  Hasil wawancara menunjukkan bahwa nelayan yang memiliki pengetahuan mengenai keselamatan kerja saat kegiatan bongkar muat yang diambil dari 50 responden yang ada di PPP Muncar adalah: sangat mengerti 8%, mengerti 36%, cukup mengerti 14%, dan yang tidak mengerti 42%. Adapun nelayan yang sadar akan pentingnya keselamatan kerja pada kegiatan bongkar muat adalah 8% dan yang tidak menyadari pentingnya keselamatan kerja sebesar 92%. Hal yang masih perlu diperhatikan adalah belum adanya Prosedur Operasional  Baku (POB) bongkar muat ikan dan perlunya perbaikan fasilitas bongkar muat untuk menekan peluang terjadinya kecelakaan kerja di PPP Muncar., contohnya seperti yang diterapkan di Pelabuhan Tanjung Priok, dimana dikeluarkan Peraturan Kepala Kantor Otoritas Pelabuhan Tanjung P'riok Nomor: UK.112/2/10/0P.TPK.11 Tahun 2011, mengenai Tata Cara Pelayanan Kapal dan Bongkar Muat Barang Di Pelabuhan Tanjung Priok.

Loading and unloading activities of purse seiner involve a lot of people and works. Possibility of accidents on the condition can occur at any stage of loading and unloading activities. The study aimed are to describe the loading and unloading activities of purse seiner in PPP Muncar and to identify potential hazards in the loading and unloading activities in PPP Muncar. The case study method was used in this research. A descriptive analysis using Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA) and Job Safety Analysis (JSA) were applied as well. The results showed, there were 52 activities in the loading and unloading. Those activities were categorized as activities with no hazard as much as three activities (6%), 28 activities (54%) were categorized as low hazard, 20 activities (38%) were categorized as medium hazard, 1 activity (2%) as highly hazard and no activities were categorized as fatal.  Concerning the knowledge of fishermen toward  occupational safety on loading and unloading activities, taken from 50 respondents, the result showed that very understand (8%), understand (36%), quite understand (14%) and 42% of respondents who do not understand. As for the fishermen who were aware of the importance of workplace safety in loading and unloading activities only 8% and the rest (98%) were not aware of the importance of workplace safety. It was worth to note that the absence of Standard Operational Procedure (SOP) for loading and unloading fish and the need to improve loading and unloading facilities to avoid the chances of  accidents at PPP Muncar.