ANALISIS KEBERLANJUTAN USAHA BUDIDAYA UDANG VANAME (Litopenaeus vannamei) DI TELUK CEMPI, DOMPU NUSA TENGGARA BARAT (Analysis Of Shrimp Vannamei (Litopenaeus vannamei) Farming Business Sustainability In The Cempi Bay, Dompu West Nusa Tenggara)

Abstract

Budidaya udang vaname merupakan salah satu usaha bidang perikanan yang memiliki nilai ekonomis tinggi yang dikembangkan di pesisir Teluk cempi. Kegiatan budidaya udang vaname di Pesisir Teluk Cempi mengalami beberapa permasalahan yang harus diselesaikan sebagai upaya untuk menjaga keberlajutan usaha budidaya. Secara umum, masalah kegiatan usaha budidaya udang vaname di pesisir Teluk Cempi, yakni: alih fungsi lahan, pembiayaan dan tenaga kerja serta metode budidaya yang masih tardisional dan semi intensif. Secara umum, masalah budidaya udang vaname di Teluk Cempi dikelompokkan menjadi 5 faktor, yakni: faktor ekologi, sosial, ekonomi, kelembagaan dan teknologi. Maka, diperlukan analasis keberlanjutan usaha budidaya udang vaname untuk mendapatkan alternatif strategi keberlanjutan berdasarkan faktor-faktor tersebut. Faktor keberlanjutan terdiri dari beberapa variabel yang dikumpulkan melalui proses survey dan wawancara pada 30 orang responden yang terdiri dari Dinas Kelautan dan Perikanan, pembudidaya dan masyarakat local. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan Analitycal Hierarcy Process (AHP) dan SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Treaths) untuk mendapatkan alternatif strategi keberlanjutan usaha dan nilai strategi keberlanjutan. Hasil penelitian didapatkan alternatif strategi keberlanjutan usaha budidaya udang vaname, yakni: (1) Menciptakan lapangan pekerjaan dengan memanfaakan sumberdaya ekologi, kualitas dan kuantitas air untuk kegiatan usaha budidaya udang vaname (1,229); (2) Meningkatkan soft skill dan pengetahuan terkait dengan penguasaan teknologi budidaya udang vaname intensif dan super intensif untuk meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat (0,964); (3) Pemberdayaan masyarakat pesisir terkait dengan prospek budidaya udang vaname (0,766); (4) Peran serta dan partisipasi pemerintah Daerah dalam meningkatkan sumberdaya manusia melalui upaya penyuluhan dan pelatihan (0,366); (5) Demonstration of Pond yang berkelanjutan dengan manajemen produksi dan keuangan yang baik (0,272); (6) Menjadikan kegiatan budidaya udang vaname sebagai salah satu program prioritas Daerah yang ditunjang dengan ketersedian fasilitas seperti Balai Budidaya Air Payau dan lembaga finansial (0,272); dan (7) Penerapan Better Management practices (0,189). 

Vaname shrimp farming is one of the businesses in the field of fisheries that has high economic value developed on the coast of Cempi Bay. Vaname shrimp farming activities in Cempi Bay Coastal experience several problems that must be resolved as an effort to maintain the sustainability of the aquaculture business. In general, the problem of vaname shrimp farming activities on the coast of Cempi Bay, namely: land use change, funding and labor as well as traditional and semi-intensive cultivation methods. In general, the problem of vaname shrimp cultivation in Cempi Bay is grouped into 5 factors, namely: ecological, social, economic, institutional and technological factors. Thus, an analysis of the sustainability of vaname shrimp farming is needed to obtain an alternative sustainability strategy based on these factors. The sustainability factor consists of several variables collected through a survey and interview process of 30 respondents consisting of the Department of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries, farmers and local communities. The data obtained were analyzed using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Treatments) to obtain alternative business sustainability strategies and the value of sustainability strategies. The results of the study obtained a lternatif strategy of sustainability effort cultivating grass sea , namely : (1) Creating a field work with leveraged resources ecology , quality and quantity of water for the activities of the business of aquaculture shrimp vannamei (1,229); (2) Improving soft skills and knowledge related to the mastery of intensive and super intensive vannamei shrimp cultivation technology to increase community income (0.964); (3) Empowerment of coastal communities related to the prospect of vannamei shrimp farming (0.766); (4) The role of sertadan participation of the government of Regions to increase the resources humans through the efforts of education and training (0.366); (5) Demonstration of Pond are continuing with the management of production and finance were good (0.272); (6) Make the activities of aquaculture shrimp vannamei as one of the program priority areas supported by the availability of facilities such as the Center for Aquaculture Water Brackish and institutions financially (0.272); and (7) Implementation of Better Management practices (0.189)..