DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2021.21843

The Utilization of Water Hyacinth for Biogas Production in a Plug Flow Anaerobic Digester

Soeprijanto Soeprijanto1 ,  I Dewa Ayu Agung Warmadewanthi2,  Melania Suweni Muntini3,  Arino Anzip4

1Department of Industrial Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Vocational Studies, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS), Keputih, Sukolilo, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia

2Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Environmental & Geo Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS), Keputih, Sukolilo, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia

3Department of Physics, Faculty of Natural Science, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS), Keputih, Sukolilo, Surabaya 60111,, Indonesia

4 Department of Industrial Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Vocational Studies, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS), Keputih, Sukolilo, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia

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Received: 19 Jan 2019; Revised: 8 Aug 2020; Accepted: 11 Sep 2020; Published: 1 Feb 2021; Available online: 14 Sep 2020.
Editor(s): H Hadiyanto
Open Access Copyright (c) 2021 The Authors. Published by CBIORE
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

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Abstract

Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) causes ecological and economic problems because it grows very fast and quickly consumes nutrients and oxygen in water bodies, affecting both the flora and fauna; besides, it can form blockages in the waterways, hindering fishing and boat use. However, this plant contains bioactive compounds that can be used to produce biofuels. This study investigated the effect of various substrates as feedstock for biogas production. A 125-l plug-flow anaerobic digester was utilized and the hydraulic retention time was 14 days; cow dung was inoculated into water hyacinth at a 2:1 mass ratio over 7 days. The maximum biogas yield, achieved using a mixture of natural water hyacinth and water (NWH-W), was 0.398 l/g volatile solids (VS). The cow dung/water (CD-W), hydrothermally pretreated water hyacinth/digestate, and hydrothermally pretreated water hyacinth/water (TWH-W) mixtures reached biogas yields of 0.239, 0.2198, and 0.115 l/g VS, respectively. The NWH-W composition was 70.57% CH4, 12.26% CO2, 1.32% H2S, and 0.65% NH3. The modified Gompertz kinetic model provided data satisfactorily compatible with the experimental one to determine the biogas production from various substrates. TWH-W and NWH-W achieved, respectively, the shortest and (6.561 days) and the longest (7.281 days) lag phase, the lowest (0.133 (l/g VS)/day) and the highest (0.446 (l/g VS)/day) biogas production rate, and the maximum and (15.719 l/g VS) and minimum (4.454 l/g VS) biogas yield potential.

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Keywords: Anaerobic digester; biogas; cow dung; hydraulic retention time; water hyacinth

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