DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.8.2.133-140

Comparative analysis between pyrolysis products of Spirulina platensis biomass and its residues

1Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Jalan Kapas 9, Yogyakarta 55166, Indonesia

2Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jalan Grafika 2, Yogyakarta 55284, Indonesia

3Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Yogyakarta, Jalan SWK 104, Yogyakarta 55283, Indonesia

4 Center of Biomass and Renewable Energy (CBIORE), Chemical Engineering Department, Diponegoro University, Jl.Prof Soedarto,SH-Tembalang, Semarang, Indonesia

5 Center for Energy Studies, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip K1A, Yogyakarta 55284, Indonesia

View all affiliations
Received: 16 Jan 2019; Revised: 20 Apr 2019; Accepted: 6 May 2019; Available online: 15 Jul 2019; Published: 13 Jun 2019.
Editor(s): Marcelinus Christwardana, H Hadiyanto

Citation Format:
Cover Image
Abstract

Today’s needs of energy are yet globally dominated by fossil energy sources, causing the depletion of non-renewable energy. Alternatively, a potential substitute is the energy of biomass. Spirulina platensis (SP) is a microalgae biomass which, if extracted, will produce solid waste called Spirulina platensis residue (SPR). This research explores the pyrolysis product, produced within the range of 300 – 600 ºC, from the pyrolysis of SP and SPR using fixed bed reactors. The influence of temperature on pyrolysis product’s yield and characteristics are investigated by using mass balance method and gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique, respectively. The results from mass balance method present an optimum pyrolysis temperature of 550 ºC to obtain the desired liquid product of bio-oil, presenting the percentage of 34.59 wt.% for SP and 33.44 wt.% for SPR case. Additionally, with the increasing temperature, the char yield decreases for about 30 wt.% and the yield of gas seems to sharp increase from 550 to 600 ºC. These tendencies are both applied for SP and SPR source pyrolysis product. Interestingly, the benefit use as fossil fuel substitute might be derived, thanks to high HHV at the bio-oil product (32.04 MJ/kg for SP and 25.70 MJ/kg for SPR) and also at the char product with of 18.85-26.12 MJ/kg for both cases. The additional benefit come from the high content of C in its char product (50.31 wt.% for SPR and 45.26 wt.% for SP) that might be able to be used as an adsorbent, soil softener or other uses in the pharmaceutical field. ©2019. CBIORE-IJRED. All rights reserved

Fulltext View|Download
Keywords: Spirulina platensis; Spirulina platensis residue; Pyrolysis; Fixed-bed reactor; Biofuels; Chemicals

Article Metrics:

Article Info
Section: Original Research Article
Language : EN
Recent articles
Corrosion of the metal parts of diesel engines in biodiesel-based fuels Simulation of biogas utilization effect on the economic efficiency and greenhouse gas emission: a case study in Isfahan, Iran A life cycle assessment model for quantification of environmental footprints of a 3.6 kWp photovoltaic system in Bangladesh More recent articles
  1. Anggorowati, H., Jamilatun, S., Rochim, B., Cahyono and Budiman, A. (2017) Effect of hydrochloric acid concentration on the conversion of sugarcane bagasse to levulinic acid, IOP Conf. Ser.: Material Science and Engineering, 299: 012092
  2. Basu, P. (2010) Biomassa gasification and pyrolysis practical design and theory, Elsevier, The Boulevard, Langford Lane Kidlington, Oxford, UK, pp. 77-82
  3. BP. Energy Outlook, https://www.bp.com/en/global/corporate/energy/Economics/energy-outlook.html, (25 January 2018)
  4. Chaiwong, K., Kiatsiriroat, T., Vorayos, N. and Thararax, C. (2013) Study of bio-oil and bio-char production from algae by slow pyrolysis, Biomass Bioenergy, 56: 600-606
  5. Enzing, C., Ploeg, M. and Barbosa, M. (2014) Microalgae-based products for the food and feed sector: an outlook for Europe, Lolke Sijtsma, doi: 10.2791/3339,Luxembourg:PublicationsOfficeoftheEuropeanUnion
  6. Fogler, H.S. (2006) Element of Chemical Reaction Engineering, 3nd Edition, Prentice-Hall International, Inc
  7. Giacomo, G.D. and Taglieri, L. (2018) Development and Evaluation of a New Advanced Solid Bio-Fuel and Related Production Process, International Journal of Renewable Energy Research, 3(2), 255-260
  8. Hadiyanto, Widayat and Kumoro, AC. (2012a), Potency of Microalgae as Biodiesel Source in Indonesia, International Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 1, 23-27
  9. Hadiyanto, Azimatun Nur, M.M. and Hartanto, G.D. (2012b) Cultivation of Chlorella sp. as Biofuel Sources in Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME), International Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 1 (2), 45-49
  10. Huanga, F., Tahmasebia, A., Maliutinaa, K. and Yua, J. (2017) Formation of nitrogen-containing compounds during microwave pyrolysis of microalgae: Product distribution and reaction pathways, Bioresource Technology, 245: 1067–1074
  11. International Energy Agency, 2018, Key world energy statistics, http://data.iea.org//payment/products/118-world-energy statistics-2018-edition.aspx., 2017 (5 Januari 2018),
  12. Jamilatun, S., Budhijanto, Rochmadi, and Budiman, A. (2017) Non−catalytic slow pyrolysis of Spirulina platensis residue for production of liquid biofuel, International Journal of Renewable Energy Research, 7(4): 101−1908
  13. Jamilatun, S., Budhijanto, Rochmadi, Yuliestyan, A., and Budiman, A. (2019a) Effect of grain size, temperature, and amount of catalyst on characteristics of pyrolysis products from spirulina platensis residue (SPR), International Journal of Technology 10(3): 541-550
  14. Jamilatun, S, Budhijanto, Rochmadi, Yuliestyan, A., and Budiman, A (2019b) Valuable Chemicals Derived from Pyrolysis Liquid Products of Spirulina platensis Residue, Indones. J. Chem., 19 (3), 703 – 711
  15. Li, G., Zhou, Y., Ji, F., Liu, Y., Adhikari, B., Tian, L., Ma, Z. and Dong, R. (2013) Yield and Characteristics of Pyrolysis Products Obtained from Schizochytrium limacinum under Different Temperature Regimes, Energies 2013, 6, 3339-3352
  16. Lingbeck, J.M., Cordero, P., O'Bryan, C.A., Johnson, M.G., Ricke, S.C. and Crandall, P.G. (2014) Functionality of liquid smoke as an all-natural antimicrobial in food preservation, Meat Science, 97: 197–206
  17. Ledesma, E., Rendueles, M. and Díaz,M. (2016) Contamination of meat products during smoking by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Processes and prevention, Food Control, 60: 64-87
  18. Maity, J.P., Bundschuh, J., Chen, C-Y. and Bhattacharya, P. (2014) Microalgae for third generation biofuel production, mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions and wastewater treatment: Present and future perspectives, A mini review. Energy, 78: 1-10
  19. Ojolo, S.J, Oshekub, C.A., and Sobamowoa, M.G., (2013) Analytical investigations of kinetic and heat transfer in slow pyrolysis of a biomass particle, Int. J. Renew. Energ. Dev., 2 (2), 105-115
  20. Pradana, Y.S., Hidayat, A., Prasetya, A. and Budiman, A. (2017) Biodiesel production in a reactive distillation column catalyzed by heterogeneous potassium catalyst, Energy Procedia, 143: 742-747
  21. Pradana, Y.S., Masruri, W., Azmi, . F.A., Suyono, E.A., Sudibyo, H. and Rochmadi, (2018a) Extractive-transesterification of Microalgae Arthrospira sp. Using Methanol-Hexane Mixture as Solvent, International Journal of Renewable Energy Research, 8 (3), 1499-1507
  22. Pradana, Y.S., Azmi, F.A., Masruri, W. and Hartono, M. (2018b) Biodiesel Production from Wet Spirulina sp. by One-Step Extraction-Transesterification, MATEC Web of Conferences, 156: 03009
  23. Roser, M. and Ortiz-Ospina, E. (2017) World Population Growth, https://ourworldindata.org/world-population-growth, (10 Desember 2017)
  24. Suali, E. and Sarbatly, R. (2012) Conversion of microalgae to biofuel, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16, 4316– 4342
  25. Sumprasit, N., Wagle, N., Glanpracha, N. And Annachhatre, A.P. (2017) Biodiesel and biogas recovery from Spirulina platensis, International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation, 119, 196-204
  26. Samanya, J., Hornung, A., Jones, M. and Vale, P. (2011) Thermal stability of Sewage Sludge Pyrolysis oil, International Journal of Renewable Energy Research, 1(3), 66-74
  27. Sunarno, Rochmadi, Mulyono, P., Aziz, M. and Budiman, A. (2018) Kinetic study of catalytic cracking of bio-oil over silica-alumina catalyst, Bioresources, 13(1), 1917-1929
  28. Soares, J.M., da Silva, P.F., Puton B.M.S., Brustolin A.P., Cansian R.L., Dallago R.M. and Valduga E. (2016) Antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of liquid smoke and its potential application to bacon, Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies, 38 (2016) 189–197
  29. Wang N, Tahmasebi A, Yu J, Xu J, Huang F. And Mamaeva A. (2016) A Comparative study of microwave-induced pyrolysis of lignocellulosic and algal biomass, Bioresource Technol., 190 (2015) 89–96
  30. Wicakso, D.R., Sutijan, Rochmadi, and Budiman, A (2016) Catalytic decomposition of tar derived from wood waste pyrolysis low grade iron ore as catalyst, AIP Conference Proceedings 1737 (2016), 060009
  31. Yuarrina, W.P., Pradana, Y.S., Budiman, A., Majid, A.I., Indarto, and Suyono, E.A. (2018) Study of cultivation and growth rate kinetic for mixed cultures of local microalgae as third generation (G-3) bioethanol feedstock in thin layer photobioreactor, Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1022: 012051
  32. Yang, C., Li, R., Zhang, B., Qiud, Q., Wang, B., Yang, H., Ding, Y., and Wang, C. (2019) Pyrolysis of microalgae: A critical review, Fuel Processing Technology, 186, 53–72
  33. Zighmi, S., Ladjel, S., Goudjil, M.B. and Bencheikh, S.E. (2016) Renewable Energy from the Seaweed Chlorella Pyrenoidosa Cultivated in Developed Systems, International Journal of Renewable Energy Research, 7(1), 50-57

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Last update:

No citation recorded.