skip to main content

Modeling and Analysis of the Dynamic Response of an Off-Grid Synchronous Generator Driven Micro Hydro Power System

1Department of Electrical Engineering (RCET Campus), University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore., Pakistan

2Department of Electrical Engineering, Sharif College of Engineering and Technology, Lahore,, Pakistan

3Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology, Taxila, Pakistan

4 Hangzhou Regional Center (HRC) for Small Hydro Power, Hangzhou (National Research Institute for Rural Electrification, Ministry of Water Resources, People’s Republic of China), China

View all affiliations
Received: 17 Oct 2020; Revised: 15 Jan 2021; Accepted: 28 Jan 2021; Available online: 1 Feb 2021; Published: 1 May 2021.
Editor(s): Grigorios Kyriakopoulos
Open Access Copyright (c) 2021 The Authors. Published by Centre of Biomass and Renewable Energy (CBIORE)
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Citation Format:
Abstract
This paper models and analyses the dynamic response of a synchronous generator driven off-grid micro hydro power system using Simulink tool of MATLAB software. The results are assessed from various perspectives including regulation through no load to full load and overload scenarios under normal and abnormal operating conditions. The investigation under the normal conditions of no load, linearly changing load and full load divulges that the system operates in a satisfactory manner as generator voltage and frequency remain approximately constant at 1 pu. However, at full load generator voltage and frequency drop 3% and 0.5% respectively from its nominal values but remain within prescribed standard IEC limits. The results also expose that the abnormal conditions produced by abrupt changes in load, system faults and severe overload, cause the unwonted variations in the magnitude of generator parameters. Moreover, the study reveals that the system stability significantly enhances when the system is run at full load because the regulation time to fix the variations in the generator parameters; except input mechanical power; decreases, e.g. from 4.1 sec to 0.8 sec for generator voltage, with the increase in the loading from quarter to full load respectively at unity power factor. Further, it is also observed that the regulation time rises, e.g. from 0.8 sec to 1.3 sec for generator voltage, with the reduction in load power factor from unity to 0.8, respectively. Thus, proper protection, to cater for increased fault current at full load and power factor correction must be provided to improve the system stability and protection. Furthermore, it is also concluded that the over loading in any case should be strongly avoided in this type of system and it should never be allowed to exceed 20% of the full load value to avoid system failure

 

Fulltext View|Download
Keywords: Micro Hydro Power; Off-grid; Normal; Abnormal; Response; Regulation; Modeling; Simulation
Funding: National Key R&D Program of China (2016YFE0205900)

Article Metrics:

  1. Ahshan, R., Iqbal, M.T., Mann G.K.I., & Quaicoe, J.E. (2013, April). Modeling and analysis of a micro-grid system powered by renewable energy sources. The Open Renewable Energy Journal, 6(1), 7-22. https://doi.org/10.2174/1876387101306010007
  2. Akinyele, D.O., & Rayudu, R.K. (2013). Distributed power generation for energy poor-households: the Nigerian perspective. In Proc of IEEE PES Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference, Kowloon, China (pp. 1-6). https://doi.org/10.1109/APPEEC.2013.6837165
  3. Akinyele, D.O., Rayudu, R.K., Nair, N.K.C., & Chakrabarti, B. (2014). Decentralized energy Generation for End-Use Applications: economic, social and environmental benefits assessment. In Proc of IEEE Innovative Smart Grid Technologies - Asia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (pp. 84-89). https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGT-Asia.2014.6873769
  4. Akinyele, D.O., Rayudua, R.K., & Nair, N.K.C. (2015). Development of photovoltaic power plant for remote residential applications: the socio-technical and economic perspectives. Applied Energy, 155(2015), 131-149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.05.091
  5. AL Jowder, F.A.R. (2013). Influence of Speed Governors of Hydropower Stations on Frequency Stabilization of Fixed-Speed Wind Farm. International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems, 14(2), 189-198. https://doi.org/10.1515/ijeeps-2012-0051
  6. Ali, W., Farooq, H., Rehman, A., & Farrag, M.E. (2017a). Modeling and performance analysis of micro-hydro generation controls considering power system stability. In Proc of 1st Int. Conf. on Latest trends in Electrical Engineering and Computing Technologies, Karachi, Pakistan. https://doi.org/10.1109/INTELLECT.2017.8277626
  7. Ali, W., Farooq, H., Abbas, W., Usama, M., & Bashir, A. (2017b). PID vs PI control of speed governor for synchronous generator based grid connected micro hydro power plant. Journal of Faculty of Engineering & Technology, 24(1), 53-62
  8. Ali, W., Usama, M., Iqbal, H., Bashir, A., & Farooq, H. (2018a). Analyzing the impact of grid connected distributed micro-hydro generation under various fault conditions. In Proc of 5th Int. Conf. on Electrical Engineering, Lahore, Pakistan. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEE.2018.8566810
  9. Ali, W., Farooq, H., Usama, M., Bashir, A., & Rehman, A. (2018b). Integrating micro hydro electric power schemes into grid systems: review of barriers, procedures, requirements and problems. In Proc of 2nd Int. Conf. on Energy Systems for Sustainable Development, Lahore, Pakistan
  10. Ali, W., Farooq, H., Rehman, A., Jamil, M., Awais, Q., & Ali, M. (2018c). Grid interconnection of micro hydro power plants: major requirements, key issues and challenges. In Proc. of Int. Symposium on Recent Advances on Electrical Engineering, Islamabad, Pakistan. https://doi.org/10.1109/RAEE.2018.8706893
  11. Ali, W., & Farooq, H. (2019). Modeling and Analysis of the Dynamic Performance of a Gird Connected Micro Hydro Power Plant Deploying Synchronous Generator. Pak. Journal of Engg. & Appl. Sciences., 24(Jan 2019), 66-78
  12. Arabatzis, G., Kyriakopoulos, G., & Tsialis, P. (2017). Typology of regional units based on RES plants: The case of Greece. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 78, 1424-1434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.04.043
  13. Awad, H., Wadi, M., & Hamdi, E. (2005). A self-excited synchronous generator for small hydro applications. In Proc: IASME/ WSEAS Int. Conf. Energy, Environment, Ecosystems and Sustainable Development, Athens, Greece (pp. 1-5)
  14. Brown, S.V., Nderitu, D.G., Preckel, P.V., Gotham, D.J., & Allen, B.W. (2011). Renewable Power Opportunities for Rural Communities. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved from: https://www.usda.gov/oce/reports/energy/RenewablePowerOpportunities-Final.pdf
  15. Choo, Y.C., Muttaqi, K.M., & Negnevitsky, M. (2007). Modeling of hydraulic governor - turbine for control stabilization. Australian and New Zealand Industrial and Applied Mathematics Journal: ANZIAMJ, 49, C681-C698. https://doi.org/10.21914/anziamj.v49i0.333
  16. Fang, H., Chen, L., Dlakavu, N., & Shen Z. (2008). Basic Modeling and Simulation Tool for Analysis of Hydraulic Transients in Hydroelectric Power Plants. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 23(3), 834-841. https://doi.org/10.1109/TEC.2008.921560
  17. Hoseinzadeh, S., Ghasemi, M.H., & Heyns, S. (2020). Application of hybrid systems in solution of low power generation at hot seasons for micro hydro systems. Renewable Energy, 160, 323-332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2020.06.149
  18. IEEE Working Group on Prime Mover and Energy Supply Models for System Dynamic Performance Studies. (1992). Hydraulic turbine and turbine control models for system dynamic studies. IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, 7(1), 167-179. https://doi.org/10.1109/59.141700
  19. IEEE Std 421.5-2005. (2006, April). IEEE recommended practice for excitation system models for power system stability studies. Page(s): 1 - 93
  20. Ion, C.P., & Marinescu, C. (2011). Autonomous micro hydro power plant with induction generator. Renewable Energy, 36(8), 2259-2267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2011.01.028
  21. Ion, C.P., & Marinescu, C. (2012). Hydro turbine emulator for micro hydro power plants. In Proc of Conferinţă Naţională de Acţionări Electrice, Suceava, România (pp. 143-148)
  22. Ion, C.P., & Marinescu, C. (2013a). Stand-alone micro-hydro power plant with induction generator supplying single phase loads. Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy, 5(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4780167
  23. Ion, C.P., & Marinescu, C. (2013b). Micro hydro power plant with three-phase induction generator feeding single-phase consumers. In Proc of 4th International Conference on Power Engineering, Energy and Electrical Drives, Renewable Energy, Istanbul, Turkey (pp. 1211-1216). https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerEng.2013.6635785
  24. Ion, C.P., & Marinescu, C. (2013c). Autonomous three-phase induction generator supplying unbalanced loads. Advances in Electrical and Computer Engineering, 13(2), 85-90. https://doi.org/10.4316/AECE.2013.02014
  25. Jussi, P. (2006). Induction motor versus permanent magnet synchronous motor in motion control applications: a comparative study. DSc/PhD. thesis, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Lappeenranta, Finland
  26. Kathirvel, C., Porkumaran, K., & Jaganathan, S. (2015). Design and implementation of improved electronic load controller for self-excited induction generator for rural electrification. The Scientific World Journal, 2015, 8 pages. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/340619
  27. Kundur, P. (1994). Power System Stability and Control. India: Tata McGraw-Hill Education
  28. Kyriakopoulos, G.L., & Arabatzis, G. (2016). Electrical energy storage systems in electricity generation: Energy policies, innovative technologies, and regulatory regimes. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 56, 1044-1067. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.12.046
  29. Kyriakopoulos, G.L., Arabatzis, G., Tsialis, P., & Ioannou, K. (2018). Electricity consumption and RES plants in Greece: Typologies of regional units. Renewable Energy, 127, 134-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2018.04.062
  30. Mahmoud, M., Dutton, K., & Denman, M. (2004) Dynamical modelling and simulation of a cascaded reservoirs hydropower plant. Electr. Power Syst. Res., 70(2), 129-139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2003.12.001
  31. Meshram, S., Agnihotri, G., & Gupta, S. (2013). Performance analysis of grid integrated hydro and solar based hybrid systems. Advances in Power Electronics, 2013, 7 pages. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/697049
  32. Michael, P.A., & Jawahar, C.P. (2017). Design of 15 kW micro hydro power plant for rural electrification at Valara. Energy Procedia, 117(2017), 163-171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.05.119
  33. Mnassri, M.E., & Leger, A.S. (2010). Stand alone photovoltaic solar power generation system: a case study for a remote location in Tunisia. In Proc of IEEE PES General Meeting, Providence, RI, USA (pp. 1-4). https://doi.org/10.1109/PES.2010.5590206
  34. Nasir, B.A. (2013). Design of Micro - Hydro - Electric Power Station. International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology, 2(5), 39-47
  35. Nasir, B.A. (2014). Design considerations of micro-hydro-electric power plant. Energy Procedia, 50(2014), 19-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2014.06.003
  36. Nezhad, M.E.Y., & Hoseinzadeh, S. (2017). Mathematical modelling and simulation of a solar water heater for an aviculture unit using MATLAB/SIMULINK. Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy, 9, 063702. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5010828
  37. Nömm, J., Rönnberg, S.K., & Bollen, M.H.J. (2018). An Analysis of Frequency Variations and its Implications on Connected Equipment for a Nanogrid during Islanded Operation. Energies, 11, 2456. https://doi.org/10.3390/en11092456
  38. Olulope, P.K., Folly, K.A., & Venayagamoorthy, G.K. (2013). Modeling and simulation of hybrid distributed generation and its impact on transient stability of power system. In IEEE Int. Conf. on Industrial Technology, Cape Town, South Africa. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIT.2013.6505941
  39. Raza, A., Xu, D., Mian, M.S., & Ahmed, J. (2013). A micro hydro power plant for distributed generation using municipal water waste with archimedes screw. In Proc of 16th International Multi Topic Conference, Lahore, Pakistan (pp. 66-71). https://doi.org/10.1109/INMIC.2013.6731326
  40. Reljić, D., Čorba, Z., & Dumnić, B. (2010). Application of permanent magnet synchronous generators within small-scale hydropower systems. Journal on Processing and Energy in Agriculture, 14(3), 149-152
  41. Saket R.K., & Varshney, L. (2012). Self excited induction generator and municipal waste water based micro hydro power generation system. Int. Journal of Engineering and Technology, 4(3), 282-287. https://doi.org/10.7763/IJET.2012.V4.366
  42. Scherer, L.G., & de Camargo, R.F. (2011). Advances in the modelling and control of micro hydro power stations with induction generators. In Proc: 3rd IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, Phoenix, AZ, USA (pp. 997-1004)
  43. Scherer, L.G., Franchi, C.M., & de Camargo, R.F. (2013). Advances in the modelling and control of micro hydro power stations applied on self-excited induction generators based on hydraulic turbine nonlinear model. Material and Processes for Energy: Communicating Current Research and Technological Developments, Formatex Research Centre, 1, 604-616
  44. Simani, S., Alvisi, S., & Venturini, M. (2014). Study of the Time Response of a Simulated Hydroelectric System. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 570(Control Applications), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/570/5/052003
  45. Simani, S., Alvisi, S., & Venturini, M. (2017). Overview of Modelling and Control Strategies for Wind Turbines and Hydroelectric Systems: Comparisons and Contrasts. Preprints 2017, 2017080034 (doi: 10.20944/preprints201708.0034.v1).https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201708.0034.v1
  46. Singh, S., & Tiwari, A.N. (2013). Voltage and frequency controller for self excited induction generator in micro hydro power plant: review. Int. Journal of Advanced Research in Electronics and Communication Engineering, 2(2), 214-219
  47. Smith, N. (2008). Motors as generators for micro-hydro power. London: Intermediate Technology Development Group Publishing
  48. Sohani, A., Hoseinzadeh, S., & Berenjkar, K. (2021). Experimental analysis of innovative designs for solar still desalination technologies; An in-depth technical and economic assessment. Journal of Energy Storage, 33, 101862. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2020.101862
  49. Umar, M., & Hussain, A. (2014). Micro Hydro Power: A source of Sustainable Energy in Rural Communities: Economic and Environmental Perspectives. Pakistan Society of Development Economists 30th AGM & Conference: Poverty, Inequality and Economic Growth, Islamabad (pp. 1-34)
  50. United Nations. (2019). SDGs: 7 Affordable and Clean Energy - Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all. Retrieved from: https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/report/2019/goal-07/
  51. Woodruff, A. (2007). An economic assessment of renewable energy options for rural electrification in Pacific Island countries. Pacific Islands Applied Geoscience Commission (SOPAC), Technical Report 397. Retrieved from: http://www.globalislands.net/userfiles/CKIslandspdf2.pdf
  52. World Bank. (2019). More People Have Access to Electricity Than Ever Before, but World Is Falling Short of Sustainable Energy Goals. Retrieved from: https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/ press-release/2019/05/22/tracking-sdg7-the-energy-progress-report-2019

Last update:

  1. An Improvement in Power Quality and By-Product of the Run-Off River Micro Hydro Power Plant

    Ignatius Riyadi Mardiyanto, Jangkung Raharjo, Sri Utami, Wahyu Budi Mursanto, Agoeng Hardjatmo Rahardjo. Energy Engineering, 120 (6), 2023. doi: 10.32604/ee.2023.027756
  2. Controllable Flexible Coupling of a Generator and a Hydraulic Turbine to Enhance the Efficiency and Stability of an Off-Grid Energy System

    Andrey A. Achitaev, Konstantin Suslov, Aleksandr N. Nazarychev, Irina Volkova, Vyacheslav E. Kozhemyakin, Aleksandr A. Voloshin, Andrey V. Minakov. SSRN Electronic Journal , 2022. doi: 10.2139/ssrn.4017348
  3. Application of electromagnetic continuous variable transmission in hydraulic turbines to increase stability of an off-grid power system

    Andrey A. Achitaev, Konstantin V. Suslov, Alexander N. Nazarychev, Irina O. Volkova, Vyacheslav E. Kozhemyakin, Alexander A. Voloshin, Andrey V. Minakov. Renewable Energy, 196 , 2022. doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2022.06.062

Last update: 2024-11-04 13:05:15

No citation recorded.