DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2022.42343

Numerical Study of The Effect of Penstock Dimensions on a Micro-hydro System using a Computational Fluid Dynamics Approach

1Geophysics Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Tanjungpura, Jl. Prof. Hadari Nawawi, Pontianak, West Kalimantan, Indonesia

2Mathematics Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Tanjungpura, Jl. Prof. Hadari Nawawi, Pontianak, West Kalimantan, Indonesia

Received: 30 Oct 2021; Revised: 5 Jan 2022; Accepted: 27 Jan 2022; Available online: 25 Feb 2022; Published: 5 May 2022.
Editor(s): Peter Nai Yuh Yek
Open Access Copyright (c) 2022 The Authors. Published by Centre of Biomass and Renewable Energy (CBIORE)
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Citation Format:
Abstract
The performance of a micro-hydro system needs always to be improved so that the electrical power produced can be more optimal. This article aims to study numerically the effect of penstock dimensions on the potential of electrical energy in a micro-hydro system using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach. The study of the effect of dimensions on the performance of a hydropower system is still quite rare. In this paper, the impact of dimensions on the micro-hydro system has been analysed by constructing thirty simulations of water flow in the penstock consisting of five variations of penstock slope ( and ) for six penstock diameter variations (  m,  m,  m,  m,  m, and  m). The simulation was built using the open-source CFD software OpenFOAM which applies the finite volume method to solve the Navier-Stokes equation as a flow model. The simulated water velocity profile is then validated against the velocity profile of the analytical solution (power-law) for turbulent flow in the pipe. Energy loss analysis on the penstock has been carried out to determine the cause of the energy loss in the penstock characterised by loss coefficient . An enormous  value will impact the decrease in the electric power potential of a micro-hydro system. The total length of the penstock  induces the variation of the   which affects the changes in the electrical power of the micro-hydro system. The shorter  will increase the electric power potential of a micro-hydro system. With a high flow velocity of water in the penstock (  m/s), the electric power increases linearly with increasing the diameter value of the penstock. The analysis results show that the penstock dimensions can affect the changes in the electric power of the micro-hydro system. In addition, the work presented in this article has shown that the CFD approach can be used as a low-cost initial step in building an actual micro-hydro system

 

Fulltext View|Download
Keywords: Micro-hydro; computational fluid dynamics; penstock; OpenFOAM; energy loss; loss coefficient

Article Metrics:

Article Info
Section: Original Research Article
Language : EN
Recent articles
Lignocellulosic Bioethanol Production of Napier Grass Using Trichoderma reesei and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Co-Culture Fermentation Impact of Photovoltaic Panel Orientation and Elevation Operating Temperature on Solar Photovoltaic System Performance Combustion, Physical, and Mechanical Characterization of Composites Fuel Briquettes from Carbonized Banana Stalk and Corncob Enhanced Geothermal Systems – Promises and Challenges Bioconversion of Industrial Cassava Solid Waste (Onggok) to Bioethanol Using a Saccharification and Fermentation process Mathematical Model of the Thermal Performance of Double-Pass Solar Collector for Solar Energy Application in Sierra Leone More recent articles
Most cited articles
Electricity from Wind for Off-Grid Applications in Bangladesh: A Techno-Economic Assessment Soybean Opportunity as Source of New Energy in Indonesia Biogas Production in Dairy Farming in Indonesia: A Challenge for Sustainability Bioelectricity Generation From Single-Chamber Microbial Fuel Cells With Various Local Soil Media and Green Bean Sprouts as Nutrient Wind Turbine Rotor Simulation via CFD Based Actuator Disc Technique Compared to Detailed Measurement More cited articles
  1. Alexander, K.V., Giddens, E.P., (2008)., Optimum penstocks for low head micro hydro schemes. Renew. Energy, 33(3), 507-519; doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2007.01.009
  2. Alfonsi, G., (2009). Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes Equations for Turbulence Modeling. Appl. Mech. Rev, 62(4); doi: https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3124648
  3. Aponte, R.D., Teran, L.A., Grande, J.F., Coronado, J.J., Ladino, J.A., Larrahondo, F.J., Rodríguez, S.A., (2020). Minimizing erosive wear through a CFD multiobjective optimization methodology for different operating points of a Francis turbine. Renew Energy, 145. 2217–2232; doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2019.07.116
  4. Arispe, T.M., de Oliveira, W., Ramirez, R.G., (2018). Francis turbine draft tube parameterization and analysis of performance characteristics using CFD techniques. Renew Energy, 127, 114–124; doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2018.04.055
  5. Bai, B., Zhang, L., Guo, T., Liu, C., (2012). Analysis of dynamic characteristics of the main shaft system in a hydro-turbine based on ANSYS. Procedia Eng, 31, 654–658; doi: 10.1016/j.proeng.2012.01.1081
  6. Behrouzi, F., Nakisa, M., Maimun, A., Ahmed, Y.M., 2016. Global renewable energy and its potential in Malaysia: A review of Hydrokinetic turbine technology. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 62, 1270-1281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.05.020
  7. Blanco, C.J.C., Secretan, Y., Amarante, M.A.L., (2008). Decision support system for micro-hydro power plants in the Amazon region under a sustainable development perspective. Energy Sust Dev, 12(3), 25-33
  8. Buono, D., Frosina, E., Mazzone, A., Cesaro, U., Senatore, A., (2015). Study of a pump as turbine for a hydraulic urban network using a tridimensional CFD modeling methodology. Energy Procedia, 82, 201–208; doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2015.12.020
  9. Edeoja, A.O., Awuniji, L., (2017). Experimental Investigation of the Influence of Penstock Configuration and Angle of Twist of Flat Blades on the Performance of a Simplified Pico-Hydro System. European Journal of Engineering Research and Science, 2(7), 14-22; doi: 10.24018/ejers.2017.2.7.401
  10. Gong, Y., Tanner, F.X. (2009). Comparison of RANS and LES models in the laminar limit for a flow over a backward-facing step using OpenFOAM. Nineteenth International Multidimensional Engine Modelling Meeting at the SAE Congress. Detroit, Michigan
  11. Harlow, F.H., Nakayama, P.I., (1968). Transport of turbulence energy decay rate. LA-3854, Los Alamos Science Lab. California, USA
  12. Herreras, N., Izarra, J., (2013). Two-Phase pipeflow simulations with OpenFoam, Master’s thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology
  13. Lee, M.D., Lee, P.S., (2021). Modelling the energy extraction from low-velocity stream water by small scale Archimedes screw turbine. Journal of King Saud University, In Press, doi: 10.1016/j.jksues.2021.04.006
  14. Marliansyah, R., Putri, D.N., Khootama, A., Hermansyah, H., (2018). Optimization potential analysis of micro-hydro power plant (MHPP) from river with low head. Energy Procedia, 153, 74-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2018.10.021
  15. Munson, B.R., Young, D.F., Okiishi, T.H., (2002). Fundamentals of fluid mechanics, Fourth Edi. United States of America: John Wiley & Sons
  16. Olatunji, O.A.S., Raphael, A.T., Yomi, I.T, 2013. Hydrokinetic Energy Opportunity for Rural Electrification in Nigeria. Int. Journal of Renewable Energy Development. 7(2), 183-190; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.7.2.183-190
  17. OpenCFD. (2020). About OpenFOAM. https://www.openfoam.com/. Accessed on 12 Octobre 2021
  18. Ouafa, M.E., Stéphane, V., Le Chenadec, V., (2020). Navier-Stokes solvers for incompressible single-and two-phase flows. hal-02892344
  19. Paish, O, 2002. Small hydro power: Technology and current status. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 6 (2002), 537–556
  20. Pribadyo., Hadiyanto., Jamari., (2020). Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) Analysis of Propeller Turbine Runner Blades using various Blade Angles. International Energy Journal, 21(3), 385-400
  21. Pritchard, P.J., (2011). Introduction To Fluid Mechanics, Eighth Edi. United States of America: John Wiley & Sons
  22. Putra, Y.S., Noviani, E., Muhardi., Azwar, A., (2021). Numerical study of the effect of penstock slope on the increase in electric power of micro-hydro system using Computational Fluid Dynamics. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (EES). Yogyakarta, Indonesia
  23. Quaranta, E., Revelli, R., (2017). Gravity water wheels as a micro hydropower energy source: a review based on historic data, design methods, efficiencies and modern optimizations. Renew Sustain Energy Rev. 97, 414-427
  24. Rohmer, J., Knittel, D., Sturtzer, G., Flieller, D., Renaud, J., (2016). Modeling and experimental results of an Archimedes screw turbine. Renewable Energy, 94, 136-146; doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2016.03.044
  25. Sangal, S., Garg, A., Kumar, D., 2013. Review of optimal selection of turbines for hydroelectric projects. Rev. Optim. Sel. Turbines Hydroelectr. Proj. 3, 424–430
  26. Simmons, S.C., Lubitz, W.D., 2021. Archimedes screw generators for sustainable micro-hydropower production. International Journal of Energy Research, 45(12), 17480-17501; doi: 10.1002/er.6893
  27. Singhal, M.K., Kumar, A., (2015). Optimum Design of Penstock for Hydro Projects. International Journal of Energy and Power Engineering, 4(4), 216-226; doi: 10.11648/j.ijepe.20150404.14
  28. Tafrant, D., Faizal, M., (2016). The effect of fluid flow current to 300 blades Achard turbine performance. Journal of Mechanical Science and Engineering, 3(1), 7-12
  29. Tiwari, G., Kumar, J., Prasad, V., Patel, V. K., (2020). Utility of CFD in the design and performance analysis of hydraulic turbines-A review. Energy Reports, 6, 2410-2429; doi: 10.1016/j.egyr.2020.09.004
  30. Vermaak, H.J., Kusakana, K., Koko, S.P., (2014). Status of microhydrokinetic river technology in rural applications. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 29, 625 – 633; doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2013.08.066
  31. Versteeg, H.K., Malalasekera, W., (2007). An introduction to computational fluid dynamics: the finite volume method, second edi. England: Pearson Education Limited
  32. Wardhana, E.M., Santoso, A., Ramdani, A.R., (2019). Analysis of Gottingen 428 airfoil turbine propeller design with computational fluid dynamics method on gravitational water vortex power plant. Int. J. Mar. Eng. Innov. Res, 3(3); doi: 10.12962/j25481479.v3i3.4864
  33. Yahya, A.K., Munim, W.N.W.A., Othman, Z., (2014). Pico-hydro power generation using dual pelton turbines and single generator. IEEE 8th International Power Engineering and Optimization Conference (PEOCO2014), 579-584; doi: 10.1109/PEOCO.2014.6814495
  34. Young, H.D., Freedman, R.A. (2007). University physics 12th edition. Pearson-Addison Wesley, New York

Last update:

  1. A Brief Study on the Implementation of Helical Cross-Flow Hydrokinetic Turbines for Small Scale Power Generation in the Indian SHP Sector

    Jayaram Vijayan, Bavanish Balac Retnam. International Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 11 (3), 2022. doi: 10.14710/ijred.2022.45249

  2. Application of open FOAM CFD software for hydrodynamics problems

    Yoga Satria Putra, Evi Noviani. 3RD CONFERENCE ON INNOVATION IN TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING SCIENCE 2022 (CITES2022): Innovation in Technology and Science for New Era of Engineering Professionalism, 2891 , 2024. doi: 10.1063/5.0200955

Last update: 2024-11-16 15:30:18

No citation recorded.