DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jil.19.2.237-246

Pengaruh Perubahan Curah Hujan terhadap Produktivitas Padi Sawah di Kalimantan Barat

1BMKG Stasiun Klimatologi Mempawah, Mempawah, Kalimantan Barat, Indonesia

2Program Studi Magister Ilmu Lingkungan, Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Tanjungpura, Indonesia

3Program Studi Agroteknologi, Jurusan Budidaya Pertanian, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Tanjungpura, Indonesia

4 Program Studi Agribisnis, Jurusan Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Tanjungpura, Indonesia

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Received: 22 Apr 2021; Revised: 14 Jun 2021; Accepted: 25 Jun 2021; Available online: 30 Jun 2021; Published: 1 Aug 2021.
Editor(s): H Hadiyanto

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Abstract

Variabilitas curah hujan sangat erat kaitannya dengan perubahan iklim di suatu wilayah dan analisisnya sangat berguna dalam mengukur ketersediaan air untuk pertanian khususnya padi sawah. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis variabilitas curah hujan dan hubungan curah hujan tahunan terhadap produktivitas padi di Kalimantan Barat.  Lokasi penelitian difokuskan di wilayah Kabupaten Mempawah dan Kubu Raya dengan menggunakan data yang tersedia pada tahun 2000-2019. Analisis datanya menggunakan persamaan variabilitas dan dilanjutkan dengan analisis korelasi dan komposit. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa variabilitas curah hujan tahunan di Mempawah dan Kubu Raya termasuk dalam kategori rendah. Nilai variabilitas bulanan menunjukkan rentang yang bervariasi dari rendah hingga ekstrem di setiap lokasi. El Nino memiliki dampak negatif yang kuat terhadap curah hujan pada periode Juni-Juli-Agustus (JJA) dan September-Oktober-November (SON), sedangkanLa Nina memiliki dampak positif yang kuat terhadap curah hujan pada periode Juni-Juli-Agustus. Pada periode Desember-Januari-Februari (DJF) dan Maret-April-Mei (MAM), El Nino (La Nina) memiliki efek terhadap peningkatan (pengurangan) curah hujan. Dipole Mode Positif memberikan dampak pengurangan curah hujan pada periode SON dan MAM. Dipole Mode Negatif memberikan dampak bervariasi pada curah hujan pada periode JJA, SON dan DJF. Hubungan signifikan antara curah hujan tahunan dan produktivitas padi hanya ditunjukkan di Sungai Kunyit dan Sungai Kakap. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa curah hujan tahunan secara umum tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap produktivitas padi di sebagian besar wilayah penelitian.

 

ABSTRACT

Rainfall variability is closely related to climate change in a particular region and it is useful in estimating the water availability for agriculture, especially lowland rice. This study examines the rainfall variability and correlation between annual rainfall and rice productivity in West Kalimantan. The research location is focused on the Mempawah and Kubu Raya districts in 2000-2019. The variability equation accompanied by correlation and composite analysis was used in the analysis. The result shows that the variability of annual rainfall in Mempawah and Kubu Raya falls in the low category. Monthly rainfall variability values mark a range that varies from low to extreme at each location. El Nino had a substantial negative impact on rainfall in the June-July-August (JJA) and September-October-November SON period. While, La Nina had a positive impact on rainfall only in the JJA period. In the December-January-February (DJF) and March-April-May (MAM) period, El Nino (La Nina) has an anomalous effect on increasing (reducing) rainfall. Positive Dipole Mode gives the negative impact in the SON dan MAM period. Negative Dipole Mode has a varied impact on rainfall in the JJA, SON and DJF periods. The significant corellation between annual rainfall and rice productivity was shown only at Sungai Kunyit and Sungai Kakap. This indicates that the annual rainfall generally has no significant effect on rice productivity in most areas.

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Keywords: Iklim; Variabilitas; Curah Hujan; Padi; Korelasi

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