DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jai.v12i1.23718

Efektivitas Lidokain Intravena untuk Mengurangi Nyeri pada Pemberian Drip KCl melalui Akses Vena Perifer

Instalasi Anestesiologi dan Terapi Intensif, RS Akademik UGM, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Published: 1 Mar 2020.
Open Access Copyright 2020 JAI (Jurnal Anestesiologi Indonesia)

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Abstract

Latar Belakang: Hipokalemia merupakan gangguan elektrolit yang sering terjadi. Hipokalemia berat dapat mengancam jiwa. Koreksi hipokalemi yang tepat dan cepat dapat mencegah komplikasi yang membahayakan jiwa. Salah satu intervensi yang dapat dilakukan adalah dengan pemberian KCl melalui akses vena perifer, tetapi KCl memiliki sifat iritatif yang dapat menyebabkan nyeri. Cara yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengurangi nyeri adalah dengan pemberian lidokain intravena. Lidokain merupakan obat anestesi yang dapat diberikan secara intravena dan memberikan efek analgesia.

Tujuan: Mengetahui keefektifan lidokain untuk mengurangi nyeri pada pemberian KCl melalui akses vena perifer.

Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan uji klinis randomisasi samar berganda melibatkan 37 pasien hipokalemia yang memerlukan koreksi. Pasien terbagi menjadi 21 pasien kelompok perlakuan (mendapatkan lidokain saat koreksi) dan 16 pasien kelompok kontrol (tanpa lidokain) yang kemudian penilaian nyeri menggunakan numering pain rating scale (NPRS) pada pertengahan proses koreksi (2,5 jam) dan akhir koreksi (5 jam).  

Hasil: Tidak terdapat perbedaan karakteristik dasar di kedua kelompok pada awal penelitian. Pemberian lidokain terbukti dapat mengurangi terjadinya nyeri dari proses koreksi kalium pada pertengahan proses koreksi dan akhir proses koreksi (p<0,05). Pada progresivitas nyeri, pemberian lidokain mampu mencegah terjadinya nyeri pada 2,5 jam pertama (RR=0,47, 95%IK 0,26-0,85, p=0,01) namun progresivitas nyeri 2,5 jam berikutnya tidak bermakna secara statistik (RR=0,95, 95%IK 0,30-2,99, p>0,05).

Kesimpulan: Lidokain dapat mengurangi nyeri selama proses koreksi kalium sehingga dapat dipertimbangkan untuk diaplikasikan dalam praktik klinis.

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Keywords: drip kcl; lidokain; numeric pain rating scale; nyeri; vena perifer
Funding: RS Akademik UGM Yogyakarta

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