Angka Kejadian dan Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Infeksi Paska Pemasangan Kateter Vena Sentral di Rumah Sakit Dr. Soetomo

*Eka Seprianti Widiastuti  -  Bagian Anestesiologi dan Terapi Intensif, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Airlangga/ RSUD Dr. Soetomo, Indonesia
Bambang Wahjuprajitno  -  Bagian Anestesiologi dan Terapi Intensif, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Airlangga/ RSUD Dr. Soetomo, Indonesia
Published: 1 Mar 2014.
Open Access
Citation Format:
Article Info
Section: Penelitian
Language: ID
In Vol 6, No 1 (2014): Jurnal Anestesiologi Indonesia
Statistics: 1665 668
Abstract

Latar Belakang : Setiap tahun lebih dari 150 juta kateter intravena digunakan , dimana 5 juta dari mereka dipasang pada vena sentral . Sayangnya , lebih dari 500.000 infeksi yang terkait dengan pemasangan alat secara intravaskular melalui aliran darah terjadi di AS setiap tahun , 7-20 % disebabkan oleh central venous catheter - related blodstream infection ( CR - BSI ) . CR - BSI terkait dengan perpanjangan lama tinggal di rumah sakit , meningkatkan biaya dan kematian. Beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi terjadinya CR - BSI seperti tempat penyuntikan, prosedur pemasangan yang steril maksimal, dressing transparan, perawatan tanpa teknik aseptik, penggunaan nutrisi parenteral dan inotropikik katekolamin, kondisi pasien , dan banyak lagi. Belum ada data tentang kejadian CR - BSI dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya di Rumah Sakit Umum Dr Soetomo, .

Tujuan : Menghitung angka kejadian CR - BSI dan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya di Dr Soetomo Surabaya .

Metode : Prosedur penelitian dimulai sejak CVC dipasang pada pasien, data dasar dicatat seperti identitas, kondisi awal, komorbiditas , dan teknik pemasangan. Pasien diikuti untuk mengevaluasi teknik perawatan CVC, pemakaian antibiotik sistemik, penggunaan nutrisi parenteral dan inotropikik katekolamin, serta dugaan CR - BSI. Kultur darah dilakukan bila dicurigai infeksi timbul ( baik secara klinis dan menggunakan Skor IPS), dan kemudian diagnosis CR - BSI dibuat . Semua data dicatat sampai CVC telah dilepas dan pasien keluar dari rumah sakit .

Hasil : Ada 15 kasus CR - BSI pada 139 pasien, total durasi pemakaian CVC adalah 1.751 hari, sehingga tingkat CR - BSI 8.57 kasus per 1000 hari penggunaan CVC. Tingkat tertinggi adalah di bangsal neurologi, 35,71 kasus per 1000 hari penggunaan CVC. Lama tinggal di rumah sakit ( p = 0,032 ), durasi penggunaan CVC ( p = 0,002 ), penggunaan nutrisi parenteral ( p = 0,000 ), penggunaan inotropikik katekolamin ( p = 0,041 ), skor APACHE II ( p = 0,000 ), infeksi sebelum pemakaian CVC ( p = 0,039 ) dan infeksi di tempat lain ( p = 0,033 ) merupakan faktor signifikan yang mempengaruhi kejadian CR - BSI . Namun, jika faktor-faktor ini diperiksa bersama-sama, durasi penggunaan CVC ( p = 0,030 ), penggunaan nutrisi parenteral ( p = 0,005 ), dan skor APACHE II ( p = 0,006 ) memberikan pengaruh yang dominan terhadap CR - BSI .

Kesimpulan : Angka kejadian CR - BSI di Dr Soetomo Rumah Sakit Umum tinggi, sedangkan durasi CVC digunakan, penggunaan nutrisi parenteral , dan skor APACHE II sebagai faktor paling dominan yang mempengaruhi kejadian infeksi tersebut .

Keywords: kateter vena sentral; infeksi kateter terkait aliran darah vena sentral; nutrisi parenteral; APACHE II Score

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