DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jksa.29.1.%25p

Modified-ZrO₂ Supported Bimetallic Ruthenium-Tin Catalysts for Selective Hydrogenolysis of Furfuryl Alcohol to 1,5-Pentanediol

1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarbaru, Indonesia

2Catalysis for Sustainable Energy and Environment (CATSuRe), Inorganic Materials and Catalysis (IMCat) Laboratory, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarbaru, Indonesia

3School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building. University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 SQQ, United Kingdom

Received: 30 Jul 2025; Revised: 15 Jan 2026; Accepted: 17 Jan 2026; Published: 7 Feb 2026.
Open Access Copyright 2026 Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0.

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Abstract

Biomass-derived platform C5-furanic compounds such as furfural (FFald) and furfuryl alcohol (FFalc) can be converted into 1,5-pentanediol (1,5-PeD), an important intermediate for textiles and plastics, via catalytic hydrogenolysis reaction. However, catalyst selectivity for the hydrogenolysis reaction of FFalc to 1,5-PeD remains a challenge. In this study, modification of ZrO2 with metal oxides such as TiO2(R), TiO2(A), g-Al2O3, and active carbon (C) as the supports of bimetallic ruthenium-tin (Ru-Sn) catalysts for the selective hydrogenolysis of furfuryl alcohol (FFalc) to 1,5-pentanediol (1,5-PeD) has been investigated systematically. The modified-ZrO2 supports were prepared by physical mixing using oxalic acid as a binder at room temperature, followed by calcination under N2 at 300°C (ramping 2.5°C min−1) for 2 h. The supported Ru-Sn catalysts were synthesised by using the coprecipitation-hydrothermal method at 150°C for 24 h and reduced with H2 at 400°C (ramping 3.3°C min−1) for 2 h. The synthesised catalysts were characterised by means of XRD, H2-TPR, and NH3-TPD. The pristine structures of ZrO2, TiO2, and g-Al2O3 were maintained during the preparation of catalysts. Ru-Sn/ZrO2-TiO2(A) catalyst (Ru = 4 wt%, Sn = 1.30 wt%, ZrO2 = 67 wt%, and TiO2 (A) = 33 wt%) with calcination temperature of 300°C gave the highest yield of 1,5-PeD (72%) at 140°C, H2 10 bar for 3 h.

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Keywords: bimetallic Ru-Sn catalyst; modified-ZrO2; furfuryl alcohol; 1,5-pentanediol
Funding: LPDP BRIN-RIIM2 scheme under contract 79/IV/KS/11/2022; DRPTM-Kemendiktisaintek Regular Fundamental shceme under contract 056/E5/PG.02.00.PL/2024; LPPMULM Internal Fundamental scheme under contract 1374.95/UN8.2/PG/2024 and 1878/UN8.2/PG/2025

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Section: Research Articles
Language : EN
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