DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jksa.23.4.102-108

Utilization of Rubber seed shell and Palm Oil Fronds as Composite Materials for Automotive Industry

1Chemistry Department, Faculty of Mathematics, Science and Health, Universitas Muhammadiyah Riau, Indonesia

2Nursing Department, Faculty of Mathematics, Science and Health, Universitas Muhammadiyah Riau, Indonesia

Received: 6 Dec 2019; Revised: 19 Mar 2020; Accepted: 20 Mar 2020; Published: 30 Apr 2020.
Open Access Copyright 2020 Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0.

Citation Format:
Cover Image
Abstract

Rubber seed shell (RSS) and Palm Oil Fronds (POF) are types of solid waste produced from rubber and palm oil plantation that has not been fully utilized. Meanwhile, in the automotive industry, composites have been the material of choice in some of its components. For example, composite body panels have been widely used in sports cars and passenger cars. This study aimed to utilize RSS powder and POF fiber waste as reinforcing fillers for the composite matrix. The matrix used was liquid polyester resin with the addition of catalyst as a hardener. RSS, which has been carbonized, was then activated using H2SO4 while POF fiber was pre-treated with 5% NaOH, then characterized both fillers by FTIR and SEM. Composites filled by RSS and POF in 4 variations were tested for mechanical properties with matrix composites without fillers as controls. FTIR testing of RSS carbonized powder found that carbonyl group consisting of tar compounds and remnants of carbon dioxide compounds that lost after activation with the H2SO4 solution. Meanwhile in POF fibers found that carbonyl group consisted of lignin and hemicellulose disappear after pre-treatment by 5% NaOH. SEM testing of RSS and POF fillers showed changes in surface morphology. The RSS and POF surface became coarser and porous, and the fibrils of POF fiber more obvious. The mechanical properties showed that the optimum result obtained in the composition of Matrix/POF/RSS (92.5/2.5/5).

Fulltext View|Download
Keywords: rubber seed shell; palm oil fronds; resin; composites; tensile; hardness; impact
Funding: KemenRistekDikti through PDP Scheme 2018 No.0045/E3/LL/2018; Balitbang Kab. Bengkalis through “Lomba Karya Ilmiah (LKI)”; Kopertis Wilayah X; Prodi Kimia FMIPA dan Kesehatan; Universitas Muhammadi

Article Metrics:

Article Info
Section: 8th - International Conference of the Indonesian Chemical Society (ICICS)
Language : EN
Recent articles
Fruit Stalk Extract from Chili Peppers (Capsicum annum L.) as a Natural Antioxidant to Inhibit Oxidation in Crude Palm Oil In Silico Screening Anticancer of Six Triterpenoids toward miR-494 and TNF-α Targets Improving the Performance of Zinc Oxide Photocatalysts for Phenol Degradation through Addition of Lanthanum Species Anti-aggregation effect of Ascorbic Acid and Quercetin on aggregated Bovine Serum Albumin Induced by Dithiothreitol: Comparison of Turbidity and Soluble Protein Fraction Methods More recent articles
Most cited articles
Profil Kandungan Protein dan Tekstur Tahu Akibat Penambahan Fitat pada Proses Pembuatan Tahu Studi Pendahuluan tentang Enkapsulasi Vitamin C dalam Liposom Kelapa (Cocos nucifera L.) Modifikasi Zeolit Alam dengan Ligan EDTA untuk Adsorpsi Ion Logam Pb2+ dan Cd2+ Synthesis of Nano Chitosan as Carrier Material of Cinnamon’s Active Component Chitosan succinate/PVA-PEG Membrane: Preparation, Characterization and Permeation Ability Test on Creatinine More cited articles
  1. XR Zhang, XQ Pei and QH Wang, The effect of fiber oxidation on the friction and wear behaviors of short-cut carbon fiber/polyimide composites, Express Polymer Letters, 1, 5, (2007), 318-325 https://doi.org/10.3144/expresspolymlett.2007.45
  2. Saparin Saparin, Pemanfaatan Cangkang Buah Karet sebagai Alternatif Carburizer pada Proses Pack Carburizing Baja Karbon Rendah ST. 37, Machine: Jurnal Teknik Mesin, 2, 2, (2016), 17-22
  3. Ridho Tri Julian, Pemanfaatan Limbah Cangkang Biji Karet Menjadi Briket Sebagai Bahan Bakar Alternatif Dengan Bahan Perekat Amilum, undergraduate thesis, Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya, 2016, Palembang
  4. Subdirektorat Layanan dan Promosi Statistik, Perkembangan Beberapa Indikator Utama Sosial-Ekonomi Indonesia Agustus 2014, in, Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2014
  5. I Wayan Mathius, Sitompul, Dapot, Manurung, B.P. and Azmi, Produk Samping Tanaman dan Pengolahan Buah Kelapa Sawit sebagai Bahan Dasar Pakan Komplit untuk Sapi: Suatu Tinjauan, Lokakarya Sistem Integrasi Kelapa Sawit-Sapi, 2003
  6. Lusita Wardani, Muhamad Yusram Massijaya, Yusuf Sudo Hadi and I Wayan Darmawan, Kelas Keawetan Papan Zephyr Pelepah Sawit sebagai Bahan Bangunan dari Serangan Rayap, Jurnal Teknik Sipil, 23, 3, (2016), 167-174 http://dx.doi.org/10.5614%2Fjts.2016.23.3.1
  7. Lusita Wardani, Muhammad Yusram Massijaya, Yusuf Sudo Hadi and I Wayan Darmawan, Kualitas Papan Zephyr dari Pelepah Sawit (Eleais guenensis Jacq), Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis, 11, 2, (2013), 170-176
  8. Lusita Wardani, Muhammad Yusram Massijaya, Yusuf Sudo Hadi and IW Darmawan, Performance of zephyr board made from various rolling crush Number and palm oil petiole parts, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 3, 2, (2014), 71-75 https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aff.20140302.14
  9. Lusita Wardani, Muhamad Yusram Massijaya, Yusuf Sudo Hadi and I Wayan Darwaman, Kualitas Papan Zephyr Pelepah Sawit dan Papan Komposit Komersial Sebagai Bahan Bangunan, Jurnal Teknik Sipil, 22, 2, (2015), 79-86 http://dx.doi.org/10.5614%2Fjts.2015.22.2.2
  10. Sanjay Mazumdar, Composites Manufacturing: Materials, Product, and Process Engineering, CRC Press, 2001
  11. Delni Sriwita and Astuti, Pembuatan dan Karakterisasi Sifat Mekanik Bahan Komposit Serat Daun Nenas-Polyester Ditinjau dari Fraksi Massa dan Orientasi Serat, Jurnal Fisika Unand, 3, 1, (2014)
  12. Agus Edy Pramono, Karakteristik Komposit Karbon-Karbon Berbasis Limbah Organik Hasil Proses Tekan Panas, Doctoral thesis, Universitas Indonesia, 2012, Jakarta
  13. Susan Wong, Robert Shanks and Alma Hodzic, Interfacial improvements in poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)-flax fibre composites with hydrogen bonding additives, Composites Science and Technology, 64, 9, (2004), 1321-1330 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2003.10.012
  14. Vera A. Alvarez and Analía Vázquez, Influence of fiber chemical modification procedure on the mechanical properties and water absorption of MaterBi-Y/sisal fiber composites, Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 37, 10, (2006), 1672-1680 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2005.10.005
  15. A. Méndez, R. Santamarı́a, M. Granda, T. Morgan, A. A. Herod, R. Kandiyoti and R. Menéndez, Influence of granular carbons on pitch properties☆, Fuel, 82, 10, (2003), 1241-1250 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-2361(02)00288-0
  16. Padil and Yelmida, Produksi NitroSelulosa sebagai Bahan Baku Propelan yang Berbasis Limbah Padat Sawit, in: Laporan Penelitian Hibah Penelitian Stranas Batch II, Universitas Riau, Pekanbaru, 2009
  17. Amar K. Mohanty, Manjusri Misra and Lawrence T. Drzal, Natural Fibers, Biopolymers, and Biocomposites, CRC Press, 2005
  18. Vera A. Alvarez, Roxana A. Ruscekaite and Analia Vazquez, Mechanical Properties and Water Absorption Behavior of Composites Made from a Biodegradable Matrix and Alkaline-Treated Sisal Fibers, Journal of Composite Materials, 37, 17, (2003), 1575-1588 https://doi.org/10.1177/0021998303035180
  19. A. Valadez-Gonzalez, J. M. Cervantes-Uc, R. Olayo and P. J. Herrera-Franco, Effect of fiber surface treatment on the fiber–matrix bond strength of natural fiber reinforced composites, Composites Part B: Engineering, 30, 3, (1999), 309-320 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-8368(98)00054-7
  20. Borhan Bakar, Kajian kesan pengisi gentian kaca ke atas adunan NR/LLDPE, Master thesis, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 1997, Bangi Selangor
  21. Hanafi Ismail, M. R. Edyham and B. Wirjosentono, Bamboo fibre filled natural rubber composites: the effects of filler loading and bonding agent, Polymer Testing, 21, 2, (2002), 139-144 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0142-9418(01)00060-5

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Last update: 2024-11-24 16:11:50

No citation recorded.