skip to main content

Reconceptualizing Legal Arrangement on the Doctor-Patient Relationship in Indonesia

*Hargianti Dini Iswandari  -  Department of Medical Informatics, Universitas Widya Husada Semarang, Indonesia
Sanjana Hoque  -  School of Law, Chittagong Independent University, Bangladesh
Open Access Copyright 2022 LAW REFORM under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0.

Citation Format:
Abstract

The doctor-patient relationship in Indonesia has changed. In the past, patients were inferior to doctors, but over time the relationship has put the two in a more balanced position. This article aims to examine the legal substance in regulating doctor-patient relationships in Indonesia. The arguments presented in this study demonstrated the increase in the number of civil lawsuits or complaints/criminal lawsuits has a substantial impact on legal resolution shifting. Although the law placed the legal relationship among two parties as mere contract-civil relationship, the criminalization is increasingly favored in recent years. As a recommendation, future law-making process needs to comprehensively consider medical science as the basis to lay the legal foundation in regulating doctor-patient relationships.

Fulltext View|Download
Keywords: Medical Service; Health Law; Patient-Doctor Relationship; Malpractice.

Article Metrics:

  1. Amirthalingam, K. (2017). Medical dispute resolution, patient safety and the doctor-patient relationship. Singaporemedical journal, Vol.58, (No.12), pp.681-684. https://doi.org/10.11622/ smedj.2017073
  2. Armstrong, D. (2002). Clinical autonomy, individual and collective: the problem of changing doctors’ behaviour. Social science & medicine, Vol.55,(No.10),pp.1771-1777. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/ S0277-9536(01)00309-4
  3. Bending, Zara J. (2015). Reconceptualising the doctor–patient relationship: Recognising the role of trust in contemporary health care. Journal of bioethical inquiry, Vol.12, (No.2), pp.189-202. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11673-014-9570-z
  4. Berlant, Jeffrey L. (1976). Profession and Monopoly: A Study of Medicine in the United States and Great Britain. Health Care Management Review,Vol.1,(No.1),pp.107. https://journals.lww.com/hcmrjournal/Citation/1976/00110/Profession_and_Monopoly__A_Study_of_Medicine_in.15.aspx
  5. Blum, John. D. (2003). Internet medicine and the evolving legal status of the physician - patient relationship. The Journal of Legal Medicine, Vol.24, (No.4), pp.413-455. https://doi. org/10.1080/714044486
  6. Braddock, Clarence H., Fihn, Stephan D., Levinson, Wendy., Jonsen, Albert R., & Pearlman, Robert A. (1997). How doctors and patients discuss routine clinical decisions: informed decision making in the outpatient setting. Journal of general internal medicine, Vol.12,(No.6),pp.339-345. https://doi.org/10. 1046/j.1525-1497.1997. 00057.x
  7. Brain, D. (1991). Practical knowledge and occupational control: The professionalization of architecture in the United States. Sociological Forum,Vol.6,(No.2),pp.239-268. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/BF01114392
  8. Brennan, Troyen A., Leape, Lucian L., Laird, Nan M., Hebert, Liesi., Localio, A. Russell., Lawthers, Ann G., Newhouse, Joseph P., Weiler, Paul C., & Hiatt, Howard H. (2004). Incidence of adverse events and negligence in hospitalized patients: results of the Harvard Medical Practice Study I. BMJ Quality & Safety, Vol.13, (No.2),pp.145-151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ qshc.20 02.003822
  9. Brown, P. (1981). The mental patients' rights movement and mental health institutional change. International Journal of Health Services, Vol.11,(No.4),pp.523-540. https://doi. org/10.2190%2FCU8G-D0RJ-YY54-UC3F
  10. Burau, Viola., & Blank, Robert H. (2007). Comparing health policy: An assessment of typologies of health systems. Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis,Vol.8,(No.1),pp.63-76. https://doi.org/10.1080/13876980500513558
  11. Byrd, Gary D., & Winkelstein, Peter. (2014). A comparative analysis of moral principles and behavioral norms in eight ethical codes relevant to health sciences librarianship, medical informatics, and the health professions. Journal of the Medical Library Association: JMLA, Vol.102,(No.4),pp.247-256. https://dx.doi.org/10.3163%2F1536-5050.102. 4.006
  12. Dahnke, Michael D. (2014). Utilizing codes of ethics in health professions education. Advances in Health Sciences Education, Vol.19,(No.4),pp. 611-623. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-013-9484-2
  13. Dwiprahasto, I. (2004). Medical Error di rumah sakit dan upaya untuk meminimalkan risiko. Jurnal Manajemen Pelayanan Kesehatan, Vol.7, (No.1),pp.13-17. https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jmpk/ article/view/2884
  14. Eysenbach, G. (2001). What is e-health?. Journal of medical Internet research, Vol.3, (No.2),p.20. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.3.2.e20
  15. Fallberg, Lars H. (2000). Patients' rights in Europe: Where do we stand and where do we go. European Journal of Health Law, Vol.7, (No.1), pp.1-3. https://doi.org/10.1163/15718090020 523007
  16. Freedman, B. (1978). A meta-ethics for professional morality. Ethics,Vol.89,(No.1),pp.1-19. https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/ 10.1086/292100
  17. Gonçalves, G. (2020). Are hospitals our friends? An exploratory study on the role of Facebook in hospital organizations’ dialogic communication. Health Marketing Quarterly, Vol.37, (No.3), pp.265-279. https://doi.org/10.1080/07359683. 2020.1805898
  18. Ha, Jennifer Fong., & Longnecker, Nancy. (2010). Doctor-patient communication: a review. Ochsner Journal,Vol.10,(No.1),pp.38-43. http: //www.ochsnerjournal.org/content/10/1/38.full
  19. He, Alex Jingwei., & Qian, Jiwei. (2016). Explaining medical disputes in Chinese public hospitals: the doctor–patient relationship and its implications for health policy reforms. Health Economics, Policy and Law, Vol.11, (No.4), pp.359-378. https://doi.org/10.1017/S17441331 16000128
  20. Hsieh, Mei-O., & Kagle, Jill Doner. (1991). Understanding patient satisfaction and dissatisfaction with health care. Health & Social Work, Vol.16, (No.4), pp.281-290. https://doi.org/ 10.1093/hsw/16.4.281
  21. Hutchinson, Gerard., & Gilvarry, Catherine. (1998). Ethnicity and dissatisfaction with mental health services. The British Journal of Psychiatry, Vol.172,(No.1),pp.95-96. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.172.1.95c
  22. Indrayan, A. (2021). Medical biostatistics as a science of managing medical uncertainties. Indian Journal of Community Medicine: Official Publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine, Vol.46, (No.2), pp.182. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_763_20
  23. Lussier, Marie-Thérèse., & Richard, Claude. (2005). Doctor-patient communication: complaints and legal actions. Canadian Family Physician Medecin de Famille Canadien, Vol.51,pp.37-39. https://europepmc.org/article/med/15732 220
  24. Lyman, Stanford M. (1995). Without morals or mores: Deviance in postmodern social theory. International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society,Vol.9,(No.2),pp.197-236. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02904334
  25. Mannas, Yussy A. (2018). Hubungan Hukum Dokter Dan Pasien Serta Tanggung Jawab Dokter Dalam Penyelenggaraan Pelayanan Kesehatan. Jurnal Cita Hukum, Vol.6, (No.1), pp.163-182. https://doi.org/10.15408/jch.v6i1. 8274
  26. McLaren, Paul. (1991). The right to know. BMJ: British Medical Journal, Vol.303, (No.6808), pp.937-938. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.303. 6808.937
  27. Meliala, Andreasta., & Sunartini. (2004). Telaah Rekam Medis Pendidikan Dokter Spesialis Sebelum Dan Sesudah Pelatihan Di IRNA II RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta. Jurnal Manajemen Pelayanan Kesehatan, Vol.7, (No.03),pp.163-171. https://journal.ugm.ac.id/ jmpk/article/view/2907
  28. Mira, José Joaquín., Guilabert, Mercedes, Pérez‐Jover, Virtudes., & Lorenza, Susana. (2014). Barriers for an effective communication around clinical decision making: an analysis of the gaps between doctors' and patients' point of view. Health Expectations, Vol.17, (No.6), pp.826-839. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1369-7625.2012.008 09.x
  29. Nasirin, Chairun., & Lionardo, Andries. (2021). Decentralization, public services and neglected children in Mataram City, West Nusa Tenggara. Research Horizon, Vol.1, (No.2), pp.55-61. https://doi.org/10.54518/rh.1.2.2021. 55-61
  30. Nimmon, Laura., & Stenfors-Hayes, Terese. (2016). The “Handling” of power in the physician-patient encounter: perceptions from experienced physicians. BMC medical education, Vol.16,(No.1),pp.1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-016-0634-0
  31. Palmieri, John. J., & Stern, Theodore. A. (2009). Lies in the doctor-patient relationship. Primary care companion to the Journal of clinical psychiatry, Vol.11,(No.4),pp.163-168. https://dx.doi.org/10.4088%2FPCC.09r00780
  32. Raduma-Tomàs, Michelle A., Flin, Rhona., Yule, Steven., & Williams, David. (2011). Doctors' handovers in hospitals: a literature review. BMJ quality & safety, Vol.20, (No.2), pp.128-133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjqs.2009. 034389
  33. Rahardjo, S. (2005). Hukum Progresif: Hukum yang Membebaskan. Jurnal Hukum Progresif, Vol.1, (No.1), pp.1-24. https://doi.org/10.14710/ hp.1. 1.1-24
  34. Rendtorff, Jacob D. (2002). Basic ethical principles in European bioethics and biolaw: autonomy, dignity, integrity and vulnerability–towards a foundation of bioethics and biolaw. Medicine, health care and philosophy, Vol.5, (No.3), pp.235-244. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:102113 2602330
  35. Richter, Jason P., & Kazley, Abby S. (2020). Social media: How hospital facebook activity may influence patient satisfaction. Health marketing quarterly,Vol.37,(No.1),pp.1-9. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/07359683.2020.1713573
  36. Sofyan, A. (2017). Euthanasia: concept and rule of law in Indonesia. Journal of Law, Policy and Globalization,Vol.58,pp.27-32. https://www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/ JLPG/article/view/35570
  37. Southon, Gray., & Braithwaite, Jeffrey. (1998). The end of professionalism?. Social Science & Medicine, Vol.46, (No.1), pp.23-28. https://doi. org/10.1016/S0277-9536(97)00131-7
  38. Supriyatin, Ukilah. (2018). Hubungan Hukum Antara Pasien Dengan Tenaga Medis (Dokter) Dalam Pelayanan Kesehatan. Jurnal Ilmiah Galuh Justisi, Vol.6,(No.2),pp.184-194. http://dx.doi.org/10.25157/jigj.v6i2.1713
  39. Vincent, Charles., Phillips, Angela., & Young, Magi. (1994). Why do people sue doctors? A study of patients and relatives taking legal action. The Lancet,Vol.343,(No.8913),pp.1609-1613. https: //doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(94)93062-7
  40. Wainwright, Susan Flannery., Shepard, Katherine F., Harman, Laurinda B., & Stephens, James. (2010). Novice and experienced physical therapist clinicians: a comparison of how reflection is used to inform the clinical decision-making process. Physical Therapy, Vol.90,(No.1),pp.75-88. https://doi.org/10.252 2/ptj.20090077
  41. Wei, Dong., Xu, Anqi., & Wu, Xue. (2020). The mediating effect of trust on the relationship between doctor–patient communication and patients' risk perception during treatment. PsyCh Journal, Vol.9, (No.3), pp.383-391. https://doi.org/10.1002/pchj.327
  42. Werth Jr, James L., Hastings, Sarah L., & Riding‐Malon, Ruth. (2010). Ethical challenges of practicing in rural areas. Journal of Clinical Psychology,Vol.66,(No,5),pp.537-548. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20681
  43. Wiriadinata, W. (2014). Dokter, Pasien dan Malpraktik. Mimbar Hukum, Vol.26, (No.1), pp.43-54. https://doi.org/10.22146/jmh.16053
  44. Woolley, F. Ross., Kane, Robert L., Hughes, Charles C., & Wright, Diana D. (1978). The effects of doctor-patient communication on satisfaction and outcome of care. Social Science & Medicine. Part A: Medical Psychology & Medical Sociology, Vol.12, pp.123-128. https://doi.org/10.1016/0271-7123(78)90039-1
  45. Berger, Peter Ludwig., & Luckmann, Thomas. (1966). The social construction of reality: A treatise in the sociology of knowledge. New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc
  46. Berman, Harold J. (1983). The formation of the western legal tradition. Boston: Harvard University Press
  47. Brennan, Troyen A. (1991). Just Doctoring: Medical Ethics in the Liberal State. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press
  48. Hatta, Gemala R. (2010). Pedoman Manajemen Informasi Kesehatan di Sarana Pelayanan Kesehatan. Jakarta: Penerbit Universitas Indonesia
  49. Ikatan Dokter Indonesia (IDI). (1994). Panduan Aspek Hukum Praktik Swasta Dokter. Jakarta: Percetakan IDI
  50. Kusumaatmaja, M. (1986). Fungsi dan Perkembangan Hukum Dalam Pembangunan Nasional. Bandung: Lembaga Penelitian Hukum Dan Kriminologi Fakultas Hukum Universitas Padjadjaran
  51. Lepore, Stephen J., & Revenson, Tracey A. (2014). Resilience and posttraumatic growth: Recovery, resistance, and reconfiguration. In Lawrence G. Calhoun and Richard G. Tedeschi (Eds.), Handbook of posttraumatic growth (pp. 24-46). New York: Routledge
  52. Little, John M. (2000). Ethics of Resource Allocation. In Brendan Dooley, Michael Fearnside and Michael Gorton (Eds.), Surgery, Ethics and the Law. Carlton South, Vic.: Blackwell Science Asia
  53. McCullough, Laurence B., Jones, James Wilson., & Brody, Baruch A. (Eds.). (1998). Surgical ethics. Oxford: Oxford University Press
  54. Moore, Wilbert E. (1970). The professions: Roles and rules. New York: Russell Sage Foundation
  55. Rahardjo, S. (1980). Hukum dan Masyarakat. Bandung: Angkasa
  56. Rosenberg, Charles E. (1987). The care of strangers: The rise of America's hospital system. New York: Basic Books
  57. Rothstein, William G. (1992). American physicians in the nineteenth century: From sects to science. Baltimore: JHU Press
  58. Roux-Kemp, Andra le. (2011). Law, Power and the Doctor-Patient Relationship. Riga: VDM Verlag Dr. Müller
  59. Sakidjo, Aruan., & Poernomo, Bambang. (1990). Hukum Pidana Dasar Aturan Umum Hukum Pidana Kodifikasi. Jakarta: Ghalia Indonesia
  60. Turner, Chris., & Hodge, M. N. (1970). Occupations and Professions. In J. A. Jackson (Ed.), Professions and Professionalization (pp. 19–50). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
  61. Veatch, Robert. M. (1981). A theory of medical ethics. New York: Basic Books
  62. Nasronudin. (2005). Efek Pernyataan Diagnosis Terinfeksi HIV/AIDS Terhadap Mekanisme Apoptosis Limfosit T-CD4 pada Penderita HIV/AIDS. (Doctoral Dissertation). Surabaya: Airlangga University
  63. Nursalam. (2005). Efek Model Pendekatan Asuhan Keperawatan (PAKAR) Terhadap Perbaikan Respons Kognisi dan Biologis Pada Pasien Terinfeksi HIV. (Doctoral Dissertation). Surabaya: Airlangga University
  64. Primara, I W. (1999). Hubungan antara tanda klinis dengan hasil pemeriksaan histopatologis pada tonsilitis kronis yang telah dilakukan tonsilektomi. (Doctoral dissertation). Yogyakarta: Universitas Gadjah Mada
  65. Riwanto, I. (1992). Acute appendicitis: intracecal pressure and other causal factors: a clinical epidemiological study (Doctoral dissertation, Academic Proefschrift. Febodruk Enschede. Amsterdam)
  66. Yong, T. S. (2003). Medical Conflict. Paper presented at the Medico Legal Annual Seminar, Singapore, 27-28 October
  67. Utarini, A. (2000). Medical error in health care organizations and quality system in higher education institutions of health personnels. Research Report, Fakultas Kedokteran UGM, Yogyakarta

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Last update: 2024-11-21 05:22:08

No citation recorded.