DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/lr.v19i2.58639

Quo Vadis Traditional Cultural Expressions Protection: Threats from Personal Intellectual Property and Artificial Intelligence

*Ni Ketut Supasti Dharmawan orcid scopus  -  Faculty of Law, Universitas Udayana, Indonesia
Desak Putu Dewi Kasih scopus  -  Faculty of Law, Universitas Udayana, Indonesia
Putu Aras Samsithawrati orcid scopus  -  Faculty of Law, Universitas Udayana, Indonesia
Putri Triari Dwijayanthi orcid scopus  -  Faculty of Law, Universitas Udayana, Indonesia
Made Suksma Prijandhini Devi Salain orcid scopus  -  Faculty of Law, Universitas Udayana, Indonesia
Mirah Mahaswari orcid  -  School of Social Science, Faculty of Arts, Monash University, Australia
Made Grazia Ustriyana  -  Nishimura & Asahi, Singapore
Robert Vaisile Moisa scopus  -  National University of Political and Administrative Studies, Romania
Open Access Copyright 2023 LAW REFORM under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0.

Citation Format:
Abstract

Legal certainty for Communal Intellectual Property protection on the inventory and record-keeping arrangements in terms of ownership proof in Indonesia, has increasingly been regulated in various regulations. However, threats are also growing. Traditional Cultural expression works are easily turned into personal video works. Along with that, such works are also vulnerable as those are easily threatened by Artificial intelligence’s ability to express works made from previous works of art such as paintings. This article aims to analyze Traditional Cultural Expressions protection which are transformed or adapted into personal works or works made by Artificial Intelligence and the measures to overcome these threats. The results show that referring to Government Regulation 56/2022, the commercial use of Traditional Cultural Expressions works both in the form of adaptation and transformation by individual humans and Artificial Intelligence is required to obtain a permit and pay attention to the distribution of benefits which will further be determined by the Minister. However, regulations on this mechanism has not been explicitly regulated. Measures to overcome threats can be made through measures to turn threats into opportunities and strengths. It is also relevant to prioritize countervailing measures, namely by following the pattern of threats as a balancing act.

Fulltext View|Download
Keywords: Countervailing Measures; Threats; Traditional Cultural Expressions

Article Metrics:

Article Info
Section: Research Article
Language : EN
Recent articles
Measuring The Effectiveness of Private Electronic System Organizers Regulations In Developing Social Media Equilibrium Indonesia Government Sets Back: The Rule Of Law, Collaborative Governance And Human Right Challenges During Covid-19 Quo Vadis Traditional Cultural Expressions Protection: Threats from Personal Intellectual Property and Artificial Intelligence Legal Policy on the Use of Heir Certificates (SKAW) for Registration of Land Rights Transfers in Indonesia Preventive and Evaluative Mechanism Analysis on Regulatory and Legislation Reform in Indonesia More recent articles
Most cited articles
COUNTER TERRORISM BAGI PELAKU TINDAK PIDANA TERORISME SEBAGAI UPAYA PENANGGULANGAN KEJAHATAN TERORISME DI INDONESIA GLOBALISASI LESBIAN, GAY, BISEKSUAL, DAN TRANSGENDER (LGBT): PERSPEKTIF HAM DAN AGAMA DALAM LINGKUP HUKUM DI INDONESIA IMPLEMENTASI PENILAIAN KEBARUAN DAN PRINSIP ITIKAD BAIK DALAM PERLINDUNGAN DESAIN INDUSTRI PRIVATISASI BADAN USAHA MILIK NEGARA PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP KONSUMEN DALAM TRANSAKSI E-COMMERCE More cited articles
  1. Adhiyatma, Muhammad Tizar., & Roisah, Kholis. (2020). Legal Protection for Traditional Medicine Knowledge of Paliasa Leaves in Traditional Community of South Sulawesi Through Intellectual Property Regime. Law Reform,Vol.16,(No.2).pp.290–306. https://doi.org/10.14710/lr.v16i2.33782
  2. Arini, Ida Ayu Devi., Paramita, Ida Bagus Gede Paramita., & Triana, Komang Alit. (2020). Ekspektasi, Realisasi Dan Negosiasi Tourism Reborn Di Masa Pandemi Dalam Pariwisata Bali. Cultoure: Jurnal Ilmiah Pariwisata Budaya Hindu, Vol.1, (No.2), pp.101–12. https://doi.org/10.55115/cultoure.v1i2.825
  3. Calvo, P. (2020). The Ethics of Smart City (EoSC): Moral Implications of Hyperconnectivity, Algorithmization and the Datafication of Urban Digital Society. Ethics and Information Technology, Vol.22, (No.2), pp.141–49. DOI: 10.1007/s10676-019-09523-0
  4. Dharmawan, Ni Ketut Supasti., Samsithawrati, Putu Aras., Kasih, Desak Putu Dewi., Dwijayanthi, Putri Triari., & Kurniawan, I Gede Agus. (2023a). Model Penguatan Perlindungan Kekayaan Intelektual Komunal: Transplantasi Muatan Kebijakan Termasuk Benefit-Sharing Berbasis Undang-Undang. Jurnal Ilmiah Kebijakan Hukum,Vol.17,(No.2),pp.235–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.30641/kebijakan.2023.V17.235-252
  5. Gema, Ari J. (2022). Masalah Penggunaan Ciptaan Sebagai Data Masukan Dalam Pengembangan Artificial Intelligence Di Indonesia. Technology and Economics Law Journal,Vol.1,(No.1),p.1. https://scholarhub.ui.ac.id/telj/vol1/iss1/1/
  6. Geofrey, Mahoro Jean Claude., & Roisah, Kholis. (2020). Patenting Deal in Indonesia, Article 20 of The Patent Law in The Political Perspective of International Trade Law. Law Reform,Vol.16,(No.1),pp.19–31. https://doi.org/10.14710/lr.v16i1.30302
  7. Hananto, Pulung Widhi Hari., & Prananda, Rahandy Rizki. (2019). The Urgency of Geographical Indication As a Legal Protection Instrument Toward Traditionalknowledge in Indonesia. Law Reform,Vol.15,(No.1),pp.62–84. https://doi.org/10.14710/lr.v15i1.23355
  8. Husny, Tengku Habib I. (2023). Tantangan Dalam Implementasi Kekayaan Intelektual Sebagai Jaminan Pembiayaan Berdasarkan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 24 Tahun 2022. JISIP (Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Pendidikan),Vol.7,(No.3),pp.2335-2345. http://dx.doi.org/10.58258/jisip.v7i3.5339
  9. Kamajaya, Gede., & Nugroho, Wahyu Budi. (2020). Sosiologi Masyarakat Bali: Bali Dulu Dan Sekarang. MASA: Journal of History, Vol.2,(No.1). https://doi.org/10.31571/masa.v2i1.2047
  10. Kasih, Desak Putu Dewi., Dharmawan, Ni Ketut Supasti., Putra, Ida Bagus Wyasa., Sudiarawan, Kadek Agus., & Rakhima, Ayu Suci. (2021). The Exploitation of Indigenous Communities by Commercial Actors. Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies,Vol.8, (No.4), pp.91–108. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejecs/898
  11. Kasih, Desak Putu Dewi., Dharmawan, Ni Ketut Supasti., Samsithawrati, Putu Aras., Dwijayanthi, Putri Triari., Sawitri, Dewa Ayu Dian., & Yanti, A. A. Istri Eka Krisna. (2023b). Policies Concerning Sacred And Open Traditional Cultural Expressions: Tourism And Creative Economy In Bali Context. Jatiswara, Vol.38, (No.1). https://doi.org/10.29303/jtsw.v38i1.475
  12. Kusuma, Purnama Hadi., & Roisah, Kholis. (2022). Perlindungan Ekspresi Budaya Tradisional Dan Indikasi Geografis: Suatu Kekayaan Intelektual Dengan Kepemilikan Komunal. Jurnal Pembangunan Hukum Indonesia,Vol.4,(No.1),pp.107–120. https://doi.org/10.14710/jphi.v4i1.107-120
  13. Li, H. (2023). Rethinking Human Excellence in the AI Age: The Relationship between Intellectual Humility and Attitudes toward ChatGPT. Personality and Individual Differences,Vol.215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2023.112401
  14. Martinet, Lily. (2019). Traditional Cultural Expressions and International Intellectual Property Law. International Journal of Legal Information,Vol.47,(No.1),pp.6–12. https://doi.org/10.1017/jli.2019.8
  15. Masnun, M. Ali., Sulistyowati, Eny., & Ronaboyd, Irfa. (2021). Pelindungan Hukum Atas Vaksin Covid-19 Dan Tanggung Jawab Negara Pemenuhan Vaksin Dalam Mewujudkan Negara Kesejahteraan. DiH: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Vol.17,(No.1),pp.35–47. https://doi.org/10.30996/dih.v17i1.4325
  16. Nurhasanah, Lanny., Siburian, Bintang Panduraja., & Fitriana, Jihan Alfira. (2021). Pengaruh Globalisasi Terhadap Minat Generasi Muda Dalam Melestarikan Kesenian Tradisional Indonesia. Jurnal Global Citizen: Jurnal Ilmiah Kajian Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan, Vol.10, (No.2),pp.31–39. https://doi.org/10.33061/ jgz.v10i2.5616
  17. Puntoni, Stefano., Reczek, Rebecca Walker., Giesler, Markus., & Botti, Simona. (2021). Consumers and Artificial Intelligence: An Experiential Perspective. Journal of Marketing,Vol.85,(No.1),pp.131–51. DOI: 10.1177/0022242920953847
  18. Purwandoko, Prasetyo Hadi., Sulistiyono, Adi., & Hawin, M. (2021). The Implementation of the Traditional Cultural Expression (TCE) Protection Indonesia Based on Article 38 Law Number 28 of 2014 Regarding Copyright. Indonesian Journal of Interational Law,Vol.18,(No.4),p.543.DOI: 10.17304/ijil.vol18.4.823
  19. Purwanto, Agus., Fahmi, Khaerul., & Cahyono, Yoyok. (2023). The Benefits of Using Social Media in the Learning Process of Students in the Digital Literacy Era and the Education 4.0 Era. Journal of Information Systems and Management (JISMA), Vol.2,(No.2),pp.1–7. https://doi.org/10.4444/jisma.v2i2.296
  20. Ramli, Tasya S., Ramli, Ahmad M., Mayana, Ranti F., Ramadayanti, Ega., & Fauzi, Rizki. (2023). Artificial Intelligence as Object of Intellectual Property in Indonesian Law. Journal of World Intellectual Property, Vol.26,(No.2),pp.142-154. https://doi.org/10.1111/jwip.12264
  21. Samsithawrati, Putu Aras., Kurniawan, I Gede Agus, & Supasti, Ni Ketut. (2022). Model Perjanjian Bisnis Kreatif Usaha Mikro, Kecil, Menengah Dan Start-Up Berbasis Paid Promote: Era Hyper-Connected Society. Acta Comitas : Jurnal Hukum Kenotariatan, Vol.7,(No.03),pp.354–369. https://doi.org/10.24843/AC.2022.v07.i03.p2
  22. Santoso, E. (2016). Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Pelanggaran Merek Dagang Terkenal Melalui Peran Kepabeanan Sebagai Upaya Menjaga Keamanan Dan Kedaulatan Negara. Jurnal Rechts Vinding: Media Pembinaan Hukum Nasional, Vol.5, (No.1), pp.117–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33331/rechts vinding.v5i1.8
  23. Saputra, Rian. (2020). Development of Creative Industries as Regional Leaders in National Tourism Efforts Based on Geographical Indications. Bestuur, Vol.8, (No.2), pp.108–20. https://doi.org/10.20961/bestuur.v8i2.43139
  24. Sawitri, Dewa Ayu Dian., & Dharmawan, Ni Ketut Supasti. (2020). Perlindungan Transformasi Karya Cipta Lontar Dalam Bentuk Digitalisasi. Acta Comitas: Jurnal Hukum Kenotariatan,Vol.5,(No.2),pp.298–308. https://doi.org/10.24843/AC.2020.v05.i02.p08
  25. Schroeder, Doris., Chennells, Roger., Louw, Collin., Snyders, Leana., & Hodges, Timothy. (2020). The Rooibos Benefit Sharing Agreement–Breaking New Ground with Respect, Honesty, Fairness, and Care. Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics Vol.29,(No.2),pp.285–301. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0963180119001075
  26. Soeprapto, Vishnuvardhana S., & Yohana, Elva. (2021). Eksplorasi Wisata Kuliner-Studi Kasus Di Bali. Journal FAME: Journal Food and Beverage, Product and Services, Accomodation Industry, Entertainment Services,Vol.4,(No.1),pp.46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.30813/fame.v4i1.2750
  27. Susanti, Diah Imaningrum, Susrijani, Rini., & Sudhiarsa, Raymundus I Made. (2019). Traditional Cultural Expressions and Intellectual Property Rights in Indonesia. Yuridika,Vol.35,(No.2),p.257. https://doi.org/10.20473/ydk.v35i2.15745
  28. Vargas, A. (2022). WIPO’s Proposed Treatment of Sacred Traditional Cultural Expressions as a Distinct Form of Intellectual Property. Chicago Journal of International Law, Vol.23,(No.1),p.235. https://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/cjil/vol23/iss1/14/
  29. Dharmawan, Ni Ketut Supasti., Sarjana, I Made., Kurniawan, I Gede Agus., & Samsithawrati, Putu Aras. (2023b). The Existence of Collective Management Organization for Copyrights Protection: Do Its Roles Applicable for Dance Copyright Work?. In 3rd International Conference on Business Law and Local Wisdom in Tourism (ICBLT 2022) (pp. 861–871). Atlantis Press
  30. Kasih, Desak Putu Dewi., Dharmawan, Ni Ketut Supasti., Dewi, Anak Agung Istri Ari Atu., Widiatedja, I Gusti Ngurah Parikesit., Santosa, Anak Agung Gede Duwira Hadi., & Samsithawrati, Putu Aras. (2023a). Enhancing Protection for Balinese Traditional Cultural Expression: A Government and Academician Cooperation Approaches. In 3rd International Conference on Business Law and Local Wisdom in Tourism (ICBLT 2022). (pp. 226–234). Atlantis Press
  31. Sulaiman, Robintan., & Christy, Geovanny. (2021). Hukum Di Era Artificial Intelligence. Jakarta: Robin Sulaiman & Partners
  32. Roisah, K. (2021). Perlindungan Ekspresi Budaya Tradisional: Perspektif Hukum Internasional Dan Nasional. Semarang: Yoga Pratama
  33. Tsioumani, E. (2020). Fair and Equitable Benefit-Sharing in Agriculture: Reinventing Agrarian Justice. London: Routledge
  34. Ayuningtyas, N. (2023). Gunakan Teknologi AI, 7 Potret Lukisan Ternama Ini Tampak Nyata.” Retrievedf from https://www.liputan6.com/ hot/read/5314196/gunakan-teknologi-ai-7-potret-lukisan-ternama-ini-tampak-nyata)
  35. Cominpro Bali. (2023). Jumlah Kekayaan Intelektual. Retrieved from http://portal kanwilbali.kemenkumham.go.id/cominpro
  36. Direktorat SMP Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini Pendidikan Dasar dan Pendidikan Menengah Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset dan Teknologi. (2023). Beberapa Aliran Dalam Seni Lukis. Retrieved from https://ditsmp.kemdikbud.go.id/beberapa-aliran-dalam-seni-lukis/#:~:text=Beberapa tokoh yang beraliran ekspresionisme adalah Affandi dan Vincent van Gogh
  37. Duffy, C. (2023). An Author Says AI Is ‘Writing’ Unauthorized Books Being Sold under Her Name on Amazon.” Retrieved from https://edition.cnn.com/2023/08/10/ tech/ai-generated-books-amazon/index.html
  38. Direktorat Jenderal Kekayaan Intelektual Kementerian Hukum dan HAM RI. (2020a). Songket Bali. Retrieved from http://kikomunal-indonesia.dgip.go.id/ jenis/1/ekspresi-budaya-tradisional/29274/ songket-bali
  39. Direktorat Jenderal Kekayaan Intelektual Kementerian Hukum dan HAM RI. (2020b). Tari Pendet.Retrieved from http://kikomunal-indonesia.dgip.go.id/jenis/1/ekspresi-budaya-tradisional/510/tari-pendet)
  40. Valinasab, O. (2021). The Evolution of Digital Trade from NAFTA to USMCA. Retrieved from https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers. cfm?abstract_id=3785740
  41. Putri, Rindi S. (2022). Hadiri Gala Dinner KTT G20, Jokowi Kenakan Baju Adat Bali.” Retrieved from https://www.cnbcindonesia. com/news/20221115184714-4-388261/ hadiri-gala-dinner-ktt-g20-jokowi-kenakan-baju-adat-bali
  42. World Intellectual Property Organization. (2023). Intergovernmental Committee on Intellectual Property and Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Folklore WIPO/GRTKF/IC/47/INF/9. Geneva
  43. European Parliament. (2023). Briefing EU Legislation in Progress: Artificial Intelligence Act

Last update:

  1. Boosting and Protecting Balinese Communal Intellectual Property in Digital Tourism: Why We Need Practical Guideline?

    I Gede Agus Kurniawan, Putu Aras Samsithawrati, Ni Ketut Supasti Dharmawan. 2024 10th International Conference on Smart Computing and Communication (ICSCC), 2024. doi: 10.1109/ICSCC62041.2024.10690721

  2. Biopiracy and the Regulatory Framework for Material Transfer Agreements in Indonesia

    Devica Rully Masrur, Yulia Yulia, Zinatul Ashiqin Zainol, Frank I Akpoviri. LAW REFORM, 20 (1), 2024. doi: 10.14710/lr.v20i1.57001

  3. Legal Issues of Artificial Intelligence – Generated Works: Challenges on Indonesian Copyright Law

    Ranti Fauza Mayana, Tisni Santika, Yin Yin Win, Jamil Adrian Khalil Matalam, Ahmad M Ramli. LAW REFORM, 20 (1), 2024. doi: 10.14710/lr.v20i1.61262

  4. Guidelines for Implementing Imprisonment Sentences with Single Formulation (A Critique of Book I of the National Criminal Code)

    M. Musa, Sonny Zulhuda, Endri Endri, Heni Susanti, Kasmanto Rinaldi. LAW REFORM, 20 (1), 2024. doi: 10.14710/lr.v20i1.52851

Last update: 2024-11-12 09:13:46

No citation recorded.