DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2022.41457

Pyrolytic Oil Yield from Waste Plastic in Quezon City, Philippines: Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology

Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Camarines Norte State College, Daet, Camarines Norte 4600, Philippines

Received: 17 Sep 2021; Revised: 20 Nov 2021; Accepted: 3 Dec 2021; Available online: 10 Dec 2021; Published: 1 Feb 2022.
Editor(s): Peter Nai Yuh Yek
Open Access Copyright (c) 2022 The Authors. Published by Centre of Biomass and Renewable Energy (CBIORE)
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Citation Format:
Abstract
Plastics play an essential role in packaging materials because of their durability to different environmental conditions. With its importance in the community lies the problem with waste disposal. Plastic is a non-biodegradable material, making it a big problem, especially when thrown in dumpsites. In solving the plastic problem, one efficient way to reduce its volume is through thermal processing such as pyrolysis. This study used the pyrolysis method to recover energy from plastic waste. Liquid oil from plastic was comparable to regular fuel used in powering engines. Before the pyrolysis process, a 3k factorial Box-Behnken Design was used in determining the number of experiments to be used. The output oil yield in each pyrolysis runs was optimized in different parameters, such as temperature, residence time, and particle size using response surface methodology to determine the optimum oil yield.  Between polyethylene (PE), mixed plastic, and polystyrene (PS), PS produced its highest oil yield of 90 %. In comparison, mixed plastic produced only its highest oil yield of 45 % in 500 ºC temperature, 120 min residence time, and 3 cm particle size. The produced quadratic mathematical models in PE, mixed, and PS plastic were significant in which the p-values were less than 0.05. Using mathematical models, the optimum oil yield for PE (467.68 ºC, 120 min residence time, 2 cm particle size), mixed (500 ºC, 120 min residence time, 2.75 cm particle size) and PS plastic (500 ºC, 120 min residence time, 2 cm particle size) were 75.39 %, 46.74 %, and 91.38 %, respectively
Fulltext View|Download
Keywords: optimization; pyrolysis; response surface methodology; RSM; plastic

Article Metrics:

Article Info
Section: Original Research Article
Language : EN
Recent articles
Influence of the Random Data Sampling in Estimation of Wind Speed Resource: Case Study Efficiency Improvement of Ground-Mounted Solar Power Generation in Agrivoltaic System by Cultivation of Bok Choy (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis L.) Under the Panels Hydrodynamic Model and Tidal Current Energy Potential in Lepar Strait, Indonesia Performance and Emission Characteristics of Diesel Engine Using Ether Additives: A Review Biomass Feedstocks for Liquid Biofuels Production in Hawaii & Tropical Islands: A Review A Review on the Role and Impact of Typical Alcohol Additives in Controlling Emissions from Diesel Engines The Delignification of Plants Residue Substrate and Accelerated Fungal Consortium Growth-Saccharification: A Practical Approach More recent articles
  1. Ahmad, I., Khan, M.I, Khan, H., Ishaq, M., Tariq, R., & Gul, K. (2014). Pyrolysis study of polypropylene and polyethylene into premium oil products. Int J Green Energy; 12:663–71; doi: 10.1080/15435075.2014.880146
  2. Annadurai, G., Mathalai Balan, S., & Murugesan, T. (1999). Box-Behnken design in the development of optimized complex medium for phenol degradation using Pseudomonas putida (NICM 2174). Bioprocess Eng., 21, 415-421; doi: 10.1007/PL00009082
  3. Al-Salem, S.M. (2022). Slow pyrolysis of end of life tyres (ELTs) grades: Effect of temperature on pyro-oil yield and quality. Journal of Environmental Management, 301, 113863; doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113863
  4. Ayanoglu, A., & Yumrutas, R. (2016). Production of gasoline and diesel like fuels from waste tire oil by using catalytic pyrolysis. Energy, 103, 456–468; doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2016.02.155
  5. Benvenga, M.A.C., Librantz, A.F.H., Santana, J.C.C., & Tambourgi, E.B. (2016). Genetic algorithm applied to study of the economic viability of alcohol production from Cassava root from 2002 to 2013. J. Clean. Prod., 113, 483–494; doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.11.051
  6. Cepeliogullar, O., & Putun, A.E. (2013). Utilization of two different types of plastic wastes from daily and industrial life. Journal of Selcuk University Natural and Applied Science; 694-706
  7. Donaj, P.J., Kaminsky, W., Buzeto, F., & Yang W. (2012). Pyrolysis of polyolefins for increasing the yield of monomers' recovery. Waste Manage;32: 840–6; doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2011.10.009
  8. Ghodke, P.K. (2021). High-quality hydrocarbon fuel production from municipal mixed plastic waste using a locally available low-cost catalyst. Fuel Communications, 8, 100022; doi: 10.1016/j.jfueco.2021.100022
  9. Huijbregts, M.A.J., Hellweg, S., Frischknecht, R., Hungerbühler, K., & Hendriks A.J. (2008). Ecological footprint accounting in the life cycle assessment of products. Ecol. Econ., 64, 798–807; doi: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2007.04.017
  10. Idris, S.S., Zailan, M.I., Azron, N., Rahman, N.A. (2021) Sustainable green charcoal briquette from food waste via microwave pyrolysis technique: Influence of type and concentration of binders on chemical and physical characteristics. Int. Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 10(3), 425-433, doi: 10.14710/ijred.2021.33101
  11. Inman, M. (2002). Cooking up fuel. Nat. CLim. Change 2 218-220; https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1466
  12. Kaminsky, W., Predel, M., & Sadiki A. (2004). Feedstock recycling of polymers by pyrolysis in a fluidised bed. Polym. Degrad. Stab., 85, 1045-1050; doi: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2003.05.002
  13. Kılıc, M.¸ Pütün, E., & Pütün, A.E. (2014). Optimization of Eu phorbia rigida fast pyrolysis conditions by using response surface methodology. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 110, 163-171; doi: 10.1016/j.jaap.2014.08.018
  14. Lettieri, P., Yassin, L., & Simons, S.R.J. (2009). Management, recycling and reuse of waste composites. in: V. Goodship (Ed.),Woodhead Publishing, Cambridge, 152-191; doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-381475-3.10017-8
  15. Li, W., Huang, C., Li, D., Huo, P., Wang, M., Han, L., Chen, G., Li, H., Li, X., & Wang Y. (2016). Derived oil production by catalytic pyrolysis of scrap tires. Chin. J. Catal., 37, 526–532; doi: 10.1016/S1872-2067(15)60998-6
  16. Liu, Y., Qian, J., & Wang, J. (2000). Pyrolysis of polystyrene waste in a fluidized-bed reactor to obtain styrene monomer and gasoline fraction. Fuel Processing Technology, 63(1), 45–55; doi: 10.1016/S0378-3820(99)00066-1
  17. Ludlow-Palafox, C., & Chase, H.A. (2001). Microwave-induced pyrolysis of plastic waste. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 40(22), 4749–4756; doi: 10.1021/ie010202j
  18. Marcilla, A., García-Quesada, J.C., Sánchez, S., & Ruiz R. (2005). Study of the catalytic pyrolysis behaviour of polyethylene–polypropylene mixtures. J Anal Appl Pyrol 74:387–92; doi: 10.1016/j.jaap.2004.10.005
  19. Mastral, F.J, Esperanza, E., Garcia, P., & Juste M. (2001). Pyrolysis of high-density polyethylene in a fluidized bed reactor. Influence of the temperature and residence time, J Anal Appl Pyrol, 63:1–15; doi: 10.1016/S0165-2370(01)00137-1
  20. Olalo, J. (2021). Characterization of Pyrolytic Oil Produced from Waste Plastic in Quezon City, Philippines Using Non-catalytic Pyrolysis Method, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 86, 1495-1500; doi: 10.3303/CET2186250
  21. Olalo, J. (2022). Thermogravimetric and Synergy Analysis of the Co-Pyrolysis of Coconut Husk and Laminated Plastic Packaging for Biofuel Production, Energy Engineering; doi: 10.32604/EE.2022.018864
  22. Onwudili, J.A., Insura, N., & Williams, P.T. (2009). Composition of products from the pyrolysis of polyethylene and polystyrene in a closed batch reactor: effects of temperature and residence time. J Anal Appl Pyrol, 86:293–303; doi: 10.1016/j.jaap.2009.07.00
  23. Oyedun, A., Lam, K., Fittkau, M., & Hui, C.W. (2012). Optimization of particle size in waste tyre pyrolysis. Fuel, 95 417–424; doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2011.09.046
  24. Oyedun, A.O., Gebreegziabher, T., Ng, D.K.S., & Hui, C.W. (2004). Mixed-waste pyrolysis of biomass and plastics waste e A modelling approach to reduce energy usage. Energy, 75, 127-135; doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2014.05.063
  25. Pan, L., Dai, F., Pei, S., Huang, J., & Liu, S. (2021). Influence of particle size and temperature on the yield and composition of products from the pyrolysis of Jimsar (China) oil shale. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 157, 105211; doi: 10.1016/j.jaap.2021.105211
  26. Pan, R., Ferreira Martins, M., & Debenest, G. (2021). Pyrolysis of waste polyethylene in a semi-batch reactor to produce liquid fuel: Optimization of operating conditions. Energy Conversion and Management, 237, 114114; doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2021.114114
  27. Pinto, F., Hidalgo-Herrador, J.M., Paradela, F., Costa, P., André, R., Fratczak, J., Snape, C., Anděl, L., & Kusy, J. (2020). Coal and waste direct liquefaction, using glycerol, polyethylene waste and waste tyres pyrolysis oil. Optimisation of liquids yield by response surface methodology. Journal of Cleaner Production, 255, 120192; doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120192
  28. PlasticsEurope, (2019). Plastics–the Facts 2019: an Analysis of European Plastics Production, Demand and Waste Data. https://www.plasticseurope.org/en/resources
  29. Raj, R.E., Kennedy, Z.R., & Pillai, B.C. (2013). Optimization of process parameters in flash pyrolysis of waste tyres to liquid and gaseous fuel in a fluidized bed reactor. Energy Conversion and Management, 67, 145–151; doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2012.11.012
  30. Saffarzadeh, A., Shimaoka, T., Motomura, Y., Watanabe, K. (1975). Chemical and mineralogical evaluation of slag products derived from the pyrolysis/melting treatment of MSW. Waste Manage., 26, 1443–1452; doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2012.11.012
  31. Schaefer, W.D. (1975). Disposing of solid wastes by pyrolysis. Environ. Sci. Technol., 9 98–98; doi: 10.1021/es60100a607
  32. Sharuddin, S.D.A., Abnisa, F., Wan Daud, W.M.A., & Aroua, M.K. (2016). A review on pyrolysis of plastic wastes. Energy Conversion and Management, 308-326; doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2016.02.037

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Last update:

No citation recorded.