DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2022.41457

Pyrolytic Oil Yield from Waste Plastic in Quezon City, Philippines: Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology

Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Camarines Norte State College, Daet, Camarines Norte 4600, Philippines

Received: 17 Sep 2021; Revised: 20 Nov 2021; Accepted: 3 Dec 2021; Available online: 10 Dec 2021; Published: 1 Feb 2022.
Editor(s): Peter Nai Yuh Yek
Open Access Copyright (c) 2022 The Authors. Published by Centre of Biomass and Renewable Energy (CBIORE)
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Citation Format:
Abstract
Plastics play an essential role in packaging materials because of their durability to different environmental conditions. With its importance in the community lies the problem with waste disposal. Plastic is a non-biodegradable material, making it a big problem, especially when thrown in dumpsites. In solving the plastic problem, one efficient way to reduce its volume is through thermal processing such as pyrolysis. This study used the pyrolysis method to recover energy from plastic waste. Liquid oil from plastic was comparable to regular fuel used in powering engines. Before the pyrolysis process, a 3k factorial Box-Behnken Design was used in determining the number of experiments to be used. The output oil yield in each pyrolysis runs was optimized in different parameters, such as temperature, residence time, and particle size using response surface methodology to determine the optimum oil yield.  Between polyethylene (PE), mixed plastic, and polystyrene (PS), PS produced its highest oil yield of 90 %. In comparison, mixed plastic produced only its highest oil yield of 45 % in 500 ºC temperature, 120 min residence time, and 3 cm particle size. The produced quadratic mathematical models in PE, mixed, and PS plastic were significant in which the p-values were less than 0.05. Using mathematical models, the optimum oil yield for PE (467.68 ºC, 120 min residence time, 2 cm particle size), mixed (500 ºC, 120 min residence time, 2.75 cm particle size) and PS plastic (500 ºC, 120 min residence time, 2 cm particle size) were 75.39 %, 46.74 %, and 91.38 %, respectively
Fulltext View|Download
Keywords: optimization; pyrolysis; response surface methodology; RSM; plastic

Article Metrics:

Article Info
Section: Original Research Article
Language : EN
Recent articles
Pyrolytic Oil Yield from Waste Plastic in Quezon City, Philippines: Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology Thermogravimetric Analysis and Kinetic Study on Catalytic Pyrolysis of Rice Husk Pellet using Its Ash as a Low-cost In-situ Catalyst Comparative Analysis of Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems for Off-Grid Applications in Chad Biomass Feedstocks for Liquid Biofuels Production in Hawaii & Tropical Islands: A Review Performance and Emission Characteristics of Diesel Engine Using Ether Additives: A Review Laminar Flame Characteristics of 2,5-Dimethylfuran (DMF) Biofuel: A Comparative Review with Ethanol and Gasoline The Delignification of Plants Residue Substrate and Accelerated Fungal Consortium Growth-Saccharification: A Practical Approach More recent articles
Most cited articles
Evaluation of Physico-Mechanical-Combustion Characteristics of Fuel Briquettes made from blends of Areca Nut Husk, Simarouba Seed Shell and Black Liquor Utilization of Iles-Iles and Sorghum Starch for Bioethanol Production Incorporating Root Crops under Agro-Forestry as the Newly Potential Source of Food, Feed and Renewable Energy Thermal effects investigation on electrical properties of silicon solar cells treated by laser irradiation The Determinants Factors of Biogas Technology Adoption in Cattle Farming: Evidences from Pati, Indonesia More cited articles
  1. Ahmad, I., Khan, M.I, Khan, H., Ishaq, M., Tariq, R., & Gul, K. (2014). Pyrolysis study of polypropylene and polyethylene into premium oil products. Int J Green Energy; 12:663–71; doi: 10.1080/15435075.2014.880146
  2. Annadurai, G., Mathalai Balan, S., & Murugesan, T. (1999). Box-Behnken design in the development of optimized complex medium for phenol degradation using Pseudomonas putida (NICM 2174). Bioprocess Eng., 21, 415-421; doi: 10.1007/PL00009082
  3. Al-Salem, S.M. (2022). Slow pyrolysis of end of life tyres (ELTs) grades: Effect of temperature on pyro-oil yield and quality. Journal of Environmental Management, 301, 113863; doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113863
  4. Ayanoglu, A., & Yumrutas, R. (2016). Production of gasoline and diesel like fuels from waste tire oil by using catalytic pyrolysis. Energy, 103, 456–468; doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2016.02.155
  5. Benvenga, M.A.C., Librantz, A.F.H., Santana, J.C.C., & Tambourgi, E.B. (2016). Genetic algorithm applied to study of the economic viability of alcohol production from Cassava root from 2002 to 2013. J. Clean. Prod., 113, 483–494; doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.11.051
  6. Cepeliogullar, O., & Putun, A.E. (2013). Utilization of two different types of plastic wastes from daily and industrial life. Journal of Selcuk University Natural and Applied Science; 694-706
  7. Donaj, P.J., Kaminsky, W., Buzeto, F., & Yang W. (2012). Pyrolysis of polyolefins for increasing the yield of monomers' recovery. Waste Manage;32: 840–6; doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2011.10.009
  8. Ghodke, P.K. (2021). High-quality hydrocarbon fuel production from municipal mixed plastic waste using a locally available low-cost catalyst. Fuel Communications, 8, 100022; doi: 10.1016/j.jfueco.2021.100022
  9. Huijbregts, M.A.J., Hellweg, S., Frischknecht, R., Hungerbühler, K., & Hendriks A.J. (2008). Ecological footprint accounting in the life cycle assessment of products. Ecol. Econ., 64, 798–807; doi: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2007.04.017
  10. Idris, S.S., Zailan, M.I., Azron, N., Rahman, N.A. (2021) Sustainable green charcoal briquette from food waste via microwave pyrolysis technique: Influence of type and concentration of binders on chemical and physical characteristics. Int. Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 10(3), 425-433, doi: 10.14710/ijred.2021.33101
  11. Inman, M. (2002). Cooking up fuel. Nat. CLim. Change 2 218-220; https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1466
  12. Kaminsky, W., Predel, M., & Sadiki A. (2004). Feedstock recycling of polymers by pyrolysis in a fluidised bed. Polym. Degrad. Stab., 85, 1045-1050; doi: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2003.05.002
  13. Kılıc, M.¸ Pütün, E., & Pütün, A.E. (2014). Optimization of Eu phorbia rigida fast pyrolysis conditions by using response surface methodology. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 110, 163-171; doi: 10.1016/j.jaap.2014.08.018
  14. Lettieri, P., Yassin, L., & Simons, S.R.J. (2009). Management, recycling and reuse of waste composites. in: V. Goodship (Ed.),Woodhead Publishing, Cambridge, 152-191; doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-381475-3.10017-8
  15. Li, W., Huang, C., Li, D., Huo, P., Wang, M., Han, L., Chen, G., Li, H., Li, X., & Wang Y. (2016). Derived oil production by catalytic pyrolysis of scrap tires. Chin. J. Catal., 37, 526–532; doi: 10.1016/S1872-2067(15)60998-6
  16. Liu, Y., Qian, J., & Wang, J. (2000). Pyrolysis of polystyrene waste in a fluidized-bed reactor to obtain styrene monomer and gasoline fraction. Fuel Processing Technology, 63(1), 45–55; doi: 10.1016/S0378-3820(99)00066-1
  17. Ludlow-Palafox, C., & Chase, H.A. (2001). Microwave-induced pyrolysis of plastic waste. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 40(22), 4749–4756; doi: 10.1021/ie010202j
  18. Marcilla, A., García-Quesada, J.C., Sánchez, S., & Ruiz R. (2005). Study of the catalytic pyrolysis behaviour of polyethylene–polypropylene mixtures. J Anal Appl Pyrol 74:387–92; doi: 10.1016/j.jaap.2004.10.005
  19. Mastral, F.J, Esperanza, E., Garcia, P., & Juste M. (2001). Pyrolysis of high-density polyethylene in a fluidized bed reactor. Influence of the temperature and residence time, J Anal Appl Pyrol, 63:1–15; doi: 10.1016/S0165-2370(01)00137-1
  20. Olalo, J. (2021). Characterization of Pyrolytic Oil Produced from Waste Plastic in Quezon City, Philippines Using Non-catalytic Pyrolysis Method, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 86, 1495-1500; doi: 10.3303/CET2186250
  21. Olalo, J. (2022). Thermogravimetric and Synergy Analysis of the Co-Pyrolysis of Coconut Husk and Laminated Plastic Packaging for Biofuel Production, Energy Engineering; doi: 10.32604/EE.2022.018864
  22. Onwudili, J.A., Insura, N., & Williams, P.T. (2009). Composition of products from the pyrolysis of polyethylene and polystyrene in a closed batch reactor: effects of temperature and residence time. J Anal Appl Pyrol, 86:293–303; doi: 10.1016/j.jaap.2009.07.00
  23. Oyedun, A., Lam, K., Fittkau, M., & Hui, C.W. (2012). Optimization of particle size in waste tyre pyrolysis. Fuel, 95 417–424; doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2011.09.046
  24. Oyedun, A.O., Gebreegziabher, T., Ng, D.K.S., & Hui, C.W. (2004). Mixed-waste pyrolysis of biomass and plastics waste e A modelling approach to reduce energy usage. Energy, 75, 127-135; doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2014.05.063
  25. Pan, L., Dai, F., Pei, S., Huang, J., & Liu, S. (2021). Influence of particle size and temperature on the yield and composition of products from the pyrolysis of Jimsar (China) oil shale. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 157, 105211; doi: 10.1016/j.jaap.2021.105211
  26. Pan, R., Ferreira Martins, M., & Debenest, G. (2021). Pyrolysis of waste polyethylene in a semi-batch reactor to produce liquid fuel: Optimization of operating conditions. Energy Conversion and Management, 237, 114114; doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2021.114114
  27. Pinto, F., Hidalgo-Herrador, J.M., Paradela, F., Costa, P., André, R., Fratczak, J., Snape, C., Anděl, L., & Kusy, J. (2020). Coal and waste direct liquefaction, using glycerol, polyethylene waste and waste tyres pyrolysis oil. Optimisation of liquids yield by response surface methodology. Journal of Cleaner Production, 255, 120192; doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120192
  28. PlasticsEurope, (2019). Plastics–the Facts 2019: an Analysis of European Plastics Production, Demand and Waste Data. https://www.plasticseurope.org/en/resources
  29. Raj, R.E., Kennedy, Z.R., & Pillai, B.C. (2013). Optimization of process parameters in flash pyrolysis of waste tyres to liquid and gaseous fuel in a fluidized bed reactor. Energy Conversion and Management, 67, 145–151; doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2012.11.012
  30. Saffarzadeh, A., Shimaoka, T., Motomura, Y., Watanabe, K. (1975). Chemical and mineralogical evaluation of slag products derived from the pyrolysis/melting treatment of MSW. Waste Manage., 26, 1443–1452; doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2012.11.012
  31. Schaefer, W.D. (1975). Disposing of solid wastes by pyrolysis. Environ. Sci. Technol., 9 98–98; doi: 10.1021/es60100a607
  32. Sharuddin, S.D.A., Abnisa, F., Wan Daud, W.M.A., & Aroua, M.K. (2016). A review on pyrolysis of plastic wastes. Energy Conversion and Management, 308-326; doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2016.02.037

Last update:

  1. Conversion of waste polystyrene into valuable aromatic hydrocarbons via microwave-assisted pyrolysis

    Kevin Kachhadiya, Dhruv Patel, Gajera Jalpa Vijaybhai, Payal Raghuvanshi, Dadi Venkata Surya, Swapnil Dharaskar, Gurrala Pavan Kumar, Busigari Rajasekhar Reddy, Neelancherry Remya, Tanneru Hemanth Kumar, Tanmay Basak. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 31 (46), 2023. doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-28294-2

  2. Performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of bio-oil produced by in situ catalytic pyrolysis of polypropylene using spent FCC

    Prathwiraj Meena, Surabhi Singh, Nikhil Sharma, Virendra Kumar Saharan, Suja George, Rohidas Bhoi. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 31 (46), 2023. doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-30786-0

  3. Plastic waste as pyrolysis feedstock for plastic oil production: A review

    Siu Hua Chang. Science of The Total Environment, 877 , 2023. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162719

  4. Microwave-assisted in-situ catalytic pyrolysis of polystyrene: Analysis of product formation and energy consumption using machine learning approach

    Avinash Terapalli, Dinesh Kamireddi, Veluru Sridevi, M. Tukarambai, Dadi V. Suriapparao, Chinta Sankar Rao, Ribhu Gautam, Prerak R. Modi. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 166 , 2022. doi: 10.1016/j.psep.2022.08.016

  5. Biofuels and Nanocatalysts: Python Boosting Visualization of Similarities

    Fernando Gomes Souza, Kaushik Pal, Jeffrey Dankwa Ampah, Maria Clara Dantas, Aruzza Araújo, Fabíola Maranhão, Priscila Domingues. Materials, 16 (3), 2023. doi: 10.3390/ma16031175

  6. Optimization of the process parameters of catalytic plastic pyrolysis for oil production using design of experiment approaches: A review

    Wei-Hsin Chen, Partha Pratim Biswas, Eilhann E. Kwon, Young-Kwon Park, Saravanan Rajendran, Lalitha Gnanasekaran, Jo-Shu Chang. Chemical Engineering Journal, 471 , 2023. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2023.144695

  7. Investigation of Oil and Facility Characteristics of Plastic Waste Pyrolysis for the Advanced Waste Recycling Policy

    Hueon Namkung, Se-In Park, Yoomin Lee, Tae Uk Han, Jun-Ik Son, Jun-Gu Kang. Energies, 15 (12), 2022. doi: 10.3390/en15124317

  8. Prosopis juliflora valorization via microwave-assisted pyrolysis: Optimization of reaction parameters using machine learning analysis

    Dadi V. Suriapparao, B. Rajasekhar Reddy, Chinta Sankar Rao, Lakshman Rao Jeeru, Tanneru Hemanth Kumar. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 169 , 2023. doi: 10.1016/j.jaap.2022.105811

  9. Rapid Identification of Optimized Process Parameters Via RSM for the Production of Valuable Aromatic Hydrocarbons Using Multiphase Catalytic Pyrolysis of Mixed Waste Plastics

    Anjali Verma, Sweta Sharma, Hiralal Pramanik. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 48 (12), 2023. doi: 10.1007/s13369-023-07630-1

Last update: 2024-11-22 20:30:04

No citation recorded.