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Tantangan Kompleksitas Manajemen Cedera Ledakan Bom: Pengalaman Dari Rumah Sakit Swasta Tipe B Surabaya

1Staf Medis Kamar Bedah; RSK St. Vincentius a Paulo; Surabaya, Indonesia

2Departemen Anestesiologi dan Terapi Intensif; Fakultas Kedokteran; Universitas Airlangga; Surabaya, Indonesia

Published: 1 Nov 2019.
Open Access Copyright 2019 JAI (Jurnal Anestesiologi Indonesia)

Citation Format:
Abstract

Latar Belakang: Di seluruh dunia, kasus pengeboman meningkat dan seringkali dipakai sebagai metode terorisme. Ledakan adalah penyebab paling umum jatuhnya korban. Minggu, 13 Mei 2018, tiga buah bom meledakkan tiga gereja di Surabaya.  Dilaporkan ada 43 korban dan telah mengakibatkan 13 orang tewas saat itu juga.

Kasus: Terdapat 3 kasus dilaporkan sebagai korban ledakan bom. Kesemuanya kasus dengan luas luka bakar lebih dari 50%. Kasus pertama dan ketiga disertai trauma inhalasi sehingga perlu intubasi dan ventilator. Ketiga kasus diresusitasi dengan formula Baxter dan segera mendapatkan tindakan debridement luka bakar. Pada kasus pertama dan ketiga ditemukan debris logam pada bagian tubuh pasien. Kasus pertama pasien meninggal 20 jam pasca ledakan. Kasus kedua dan ketiga tetap bertahan setelah menjalani perawatan di intensive care unit (ICU) masing-masing selama 10 dan 29 hari.

Pembahasan: Trauma ledakan bom mempunyai 4 tahapan efek, yaitu primary (efek langsung tekanan), secondary (efek proyektil ledakan), tertiary (structure collapse dan terlemparnya korban), dan quarternary (luka bakar, trauma inhalasi, eksaserbasi penyakit kronis). Penanganan pasien luka bakar akibat cedera high order explosive pada hakekatnya sama dengan penanganan pasien luka bakar umumnya, berdasarkan tahapan primary dan secondary survey. Berdasar riwayat, penilaian awal dan penampakan klinis diduga ada trauma thermal jalan napas atas, proteksi jalan napas dengan intubasi segera dilakukan. Manajemen cairan kasus luka bakar untuk mempertahankan perfusi jaringan fase awal burn shock.

Kesimpulan: Korban cedera ledakan seringkali menunjukkan kombinasi 4 jenis trauma (ledakan, tumpul, tembus dan thermal). Dengan mengenali gambaran unik cedera ledakan, dokter akan lebih baik dan cepat menangani korban.

Note: This article has supplementary file(s).

Fulltext View|Download |  Research Instrument
Tabel 1 Hb, Albumin, dan Gula Darah (diringkas dalam perjalanan setiap 3 hari)
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 Research Instrument
Tabel 2 Setting Ventilator, Hb, Albumin, Gula Darah Acak dan Analisa Gas Darah Kasus 3 (diringkas dalam perjalanan setiap 4 hari)
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Type Research Instrument
  Download (61KB)    Indexing metadata
 common.other
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Keywords: cedera inhalasi; formula Baxter; luka bakar; trauma ledakan bom; trauma thermal

Article Metrics:

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